No abstract

Acne is an inflammation and blockage of the oil gland ducts in the skin caused by the bacteria Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Acne treatment is usually done by giving antibiotics and chemicals that have irritating side effects. Therefore, other alternatives are needed by using natural products that have milder side effects and are halal. The author reviews the potential of Betel Leaf Extract which can be used as an acne medication because it has a high antibacterial content. The method used in this paper is a narrative literature study. The author uses global journal publication websites such as Science Direct and Google Scholar with the keywords Betel Leaf, Antimicrobial, Propionibacterium, Acne, and Nano Spray Serum. Based on the literature obtained, the results of the ethanol extract of betel leaf have antibacterial activity against P. acne and multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus with a KBM of 0.5% w/v. Betel leaf extract is combined with distilled water, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate as a solvent, chitosan as a preservative, and acetic acid by ultrasonication method which functions to break particles into nano size with the help of sound waves above 20 kHz. The spray form was chosen because it can accelerate the absorption of serum into facial skin. In conclusion, Betel Leaf Extract has the potential to be a safe and halal organic material for serum spray preparations as a halal skincare solution for acne problems. Keywords: Betel Leaf, Antimicrobial, Propionibacterium, nano spray serum, Acne.

Chicken meat is a perishable food. The quality of chicken meat is largely due to poor handling from slaughter to marketing. The activity of bacteria that produce volatile amines causes changes in pH in chicken meat. Bacterial activity that we cannot see and control makes chicken customers sometimes restless to buy packaged cut chicken because they don't know whether the chicken is still fit for consumption or not. Today, smart packaging has emerged which is equipped with smart labels. The purpose of this study was to make a smart label for the anthocyanin extract of the Super Red Dragon Fruit Skin and determine its feasibility in determining the level of freshness of chicken meat. The best red dragon fruit peel extract was sample D4 obtained by maceration method using 96% ethanol as a solvent with 1M HCl acidified. The anthocyanin extract has a pH of 1.8 and anthocyanin content value of 104.722 g/L. Smart labels indicate the freshness level of chicken meat with a change in color, where a purple color indicates fresh chicken meat, a faded purple color indicates that the chicken meat is not fresh. The results of the feasibility of smart labels on pH stability experienced color changes in both acidic and alkaline conditions, but were more stable in acidic conditions. Keywords: Anthocyanin, Super Red Dragon Fruit Skin, Smart Label, Chicken Meat