Stature data accuracy is very important in hospital care. However, the condition of the patient that does not allow standing makes actual stature measurement difficult. This study aimed to compare the results of measuring actual stature with a stadiometer and estimated stature using the Chumlea, Cheng, Tanchoco, Shahar and Pooy, and Fatmah knee height formula for adult patients in Indonesia. The study design was cross-sectional with internal medicine adult patients aged 18–59 at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). The study was conducted in January–April 2022. A sample of 100 patients was selected using the consecutive sampling method. Stature measurement was carried out using a stadiometer and knee height with knee height calipers and filling out a questionnaire. Analysis used paired t-test, Wilcoxon, one sample T, Bland-Altman plot, and simple linear regression. The results showed no significant difference between actual stature and estimated stature using the Shahar and Pooy knee height formula (p=0.379) and had the smallest bias compared to the other two formulas (bias= -0.25 cm); however, it was not reached the agreement. The new formula also has no significant difference from the actual stature (p=0.859) and has a bias of 0.05 cm. In conclusion, the stature prediction formula based on Shahar and Pooy's knee height can be applied to adult patients who cannot stand as the first alternative compared to the other five formulas. The new formula for predicting stature needs to be researched further because it has not yet reached the agreement.Keywords: stature, knee height, anthropometric measurement, nutritional status ABSTRAKData tinggi badan yang akurat sangat penting dalam perawatan di rumah sakit. Akan tetapi, kondisi pasien yang tidak memungkinkan untuk berdiri membuat pengukuran tinggi badan aktual menjadi sulit dilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan antara hasil pengukuran tinggi badan aktual dengan stadiometer dan estimasi tinggi badan dengan rumus tinggi lutut Chumlea, Cheng, Tanchoco, Shahar dan Pooy, serta Fatmah untuk pasien dewasa di rumah sakit di Indonesia. Desain penelitian ini cross-sectional dengan subjek pasien dewasa penyakit dalam berusia 18–59 tahun di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari–April 2022. Sampel sebanyak 100 pasien dipilih dengan metode consecutive sampling. Pengukuran tinggi badan dilakukan dengan menggunakan stadiometer dan tinggi lutut dengan kaliper tinggi lutut serta pengisian kuesioner. Analisis menggunakan uji-T berpasangan, Wilcoxon, T satu sampel, plot Bland-Altman, dan regresi linear sederhana. Hasil menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara tinggi badan aktual dan estimasi tinggi badan dengan rumus tinggi lutut Shahar dan Pooy (p=0,379) serta mempunyai bias terkecil dibandingkan lima rumus lainnya (bias= -0,25 cm), tetapi masih di luar batas kesepakatan yang diharapkan. Rumus baru prediksi tinggi badan juga tidak mempunyai perbedaan yang signifikan dengan badan aktual (p=0,859) dan mempunyai bias sebesar 0,05 cm. Rumus prediksi tinggi badan berdasarkan tinggi lutut Shahar dan Pooy dapat diterapkan bagi pasien dewasa yang tidak dapat berdiri sebagai alternatif pertama dibandingkan lima rumus lainnya. Rumus baru prediksi tinggi badan perlu diteliti lebih lanjut karena belum mencapai batas kesepakatan.Kata kunci: tinggi badan, tinggi lutut, pengukuran antropometri, status gizi
Malnutrition in hospitalized patients is a global problem with an increasing prevalence. To date, there is no universally accepted consensus for diagnosing malnutrition. Comparative studies between malnutrition criteria according to GLIM and the gold standard, namely Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) have not been widely carried out in Indonesia. This study aims to compare the validity of the GLIM criteria against the SGA. The study design was cross-sectional with the subject of hospitalized internal medicine patients aged 18-45 years (n=108). The assessment was conducted by comparing prevalence, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), the area under the curve (AUC), positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) GLIM criteria against SGA. The results obtained in this study were 57.4 percent women, 60.2 percent late adulthood, 54.6 percent high school graduates, 34.3 percent private employees, and 68.5 percent have income less than minimum wage. The prevalence of malnutrition based on GLIM criteria and SGA was 75 percent and 70.4 percent, respectively. The GLIM criteria have good validity (sensitivity of 98.7%, specificity 81.3%, PPV 92.5%, NPV 96.2%, AUC value 0,9, LR+ 5.28 and a LR- 0.016). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the GLIM criteria have good validity, so they can be recommended as diagnostic tools to determine malnutrition status in hospital nutrition services
Malnutrition is a major problem among hospitalized patients. Nutritional problems can be influenced by an imbalance between the intake of macronutrients consumed, and a decrease in functional status among hospitalized patients. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between functional status and food intake of macronutrients with the nutritional status of internal disease patients. This study used an observational design, with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used was Consecutive Sampling with the number of respondents being 74 internal disease patients who were hospitalized at the RSCM. Functional status data were collected using the Barthel Index and macronutrient intake by interview using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, and nutritional status using weight and height measurements was calculated using the BMI formula. The statistical analysis used is the Chi-Square test. There are 45.9 percent of respondents have poor nutritional status. The bivariate results showed that there was no significant relationship between functional status (p=0.950) and nutritional status and there was a significant relationship between energy intake (p=0.000), protein (p=0.000), fat (p=0.001), carbohydrates (p=0.001), with the nutritional status of internal disease patients. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between the intake of macronutrients, namely energy, carbohydrates, protein, fat, and the nutritional status of internal medicine patients at RSCM.Keywords: functional status, macronutrient intake, nutritional status ABSTRAK Malnutrisi merupakan masalah utama yang sering terjadi pada pasien di rumah sakit. Masalah gizi yang terjadi dapat dipengaruhi oleh ketidakseimbangan antara asupan zat gizi makro yang dikonsumsi, dan terjadi penurunan status fungsional pada pasien rawat inap. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara status fungsional dan asupan zat gizi makro dengan status gizi pasien penyakit dalam. Penelitian ini mengunakan desain observasional, dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Consecutive Sampling dengan jumlah responden 74 pasien penyakit dalam yang dirawat inap di RSCM. Pengumpulan data status fungsional menggunakan Barthel Index dan asupan zat gizi makro dengan wawancara menggunakan Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, dan status gizi menggunakan pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan dihitung dengan rumus IMT. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Chi-Square. Terdapat 45,9 persen responden memiliki status gizi kurang. Dari hasil bivariat menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara status fungsional (p=0,950) dengan status gizi dan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan energi (p=0,000), protein (p=0,000), lemak (p=0,001), karbohidrat (p=0,001), dengan status gizi pasien penyakit dalam. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya hubungan antara asupan zat gizi makro yaitu energi, karbohidrat, protein, lemak dengan status gizi pasien penyakit dalam di RSCM.Kata kunci: status fungsional, asupan zat gizi makro, status gizi
Introduction. As many as 76.6% of patients aged 60 years and above (elderly) are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition based on MNA within the first 48 hours of hospital admission. The prevalence of malnutrition varies widely depending on the population studied, the healthcare setting and the tools used for the assessment. To date, SGA is widely used in the diagnosis of malnutrition for adults and MNA for elderly patients. Recently, experts proposed empirical consensus of GLIM criteria for determining the diagnosis of malnutrition in adults. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of GLIM criteria as a new consensus in determining the diagnosis of malnutrition in comparison to MNA as a semi-gold standard for nutritional assessment in the elderly. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2022 on 103 consecutively recruited elderly patients aged ≥60 years in the Internal Medicine Wards at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM), Jakarta, Indonesia. Results. There were 91.3%, 57.3% and 54.4% malnourished elderly patients upon admission to the hospital, based on GLIM criteria, MNA-SF and MNA-LF, respectively. GLIM has good accuracy compared to both MNA-SF and MNA-LF, as long as the category of malnourished in MNA is a combination of malnutrition and at risk of malnutrition. GLIM had 97.9% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity, AUC 0.93, 98.9% PPV, 77.8% NPV, 7.83 positive LR and 0.02 negative LR towards MNA-SF, and a sensitivity value of 98.9%, specificity 88.9%, AUC 0.94, PPV 98.9%, NPV 88.9%, positive LR 8.91, and negative LR 0.01 towards MNA-LF. Conclusion. GLIM showed good diagnostic accuracy to determine nutritional status in the elderly, especially upon admission to the hospital, so that appropriate early nutritional interventions can be given.
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