The Karkonosze granitoid, one of the biggest plutonic bodies in the Sudetes, is located in the marginal part of the present-day Bohemian Massif. Due to its internal complexity, textural diversity and abundance of mineral species, the pluton has intrigued and captured the interest of generations of geologists, mineralogists, petrologists and enthusiasts of Earth sciences. The intrusion belongs to a younger, late-to post-orogenic Magmatic and post-magmatic Mineralogical studies of the Karkonosze granite (ca. 322-312 Ma) and its surroundings in West Sudetes (SW Poland) have provided data on Nb-Ta-REE minerals from pegmatites in the NE part of the pluton and several new finds of Ag minerals and 15 oxygenic Bi phases, hitherto not reported from the massif. The Karkonosze pegmatites are enriched in HREE as fergusonite-(Y) or xenotime-(Y) appear in almost every studied pegmatite, together with a subordinate assemblage of the aeschynite, euxenite or columbite group. The abundance of LREE minerals such as allanite-(Ce) and the monazite group, correlates inversely with the Nb-Ta-Ti minerals, whilst an early generation of monazite-(Ce) revealed an exceptionally high amount of Nd (up to 22 wt.% of Nd 2 O 3 ). The physical and chemical conditions during the magmatic and post-magmatic processes were reconstructed and the effects of contact metamorphism in amphibolites from hornfelsed zones examined. Changes in solution composition and concentration at the early magmatic stage (825-920ºC), pegmatitic stage overlapping with hydrothermal (560°C which ended at 160-90°C) and clearly hydrothermal stage (400 to 110°C) were studied in detail by means of melt and fluid inclusions in quartz. Furthermore, post-magmatic fluids, including some enriched in Li and B, were identified in rock-forming quartz from the whole pluton. In turn, study of the amphibolites indicates that the pair cummingtonite + anorthite or the presence of Ca-rich plagioclase with actinolite seem to be reliable mineral proxies of the thermal impact of the granitoid body on amphibolites in its envelope. The inferred conditions of the contact processes (450-550°C, 2.5-4.8 kbar) point to an elevated geothermal gradient (ca. 32-45°C/km) probably reflecting the heat flow induced by the Karkonosze intrusion. Moreover, despite the textural and mineral changes imposed by regional and contact metamorphism, the amphibolites have their pre-metamorphic (magmatic) geochemical features undisturbed.Key words: Karkonosze pluton; Melt and fluid inclusions; Nb-Ta-REE pegmatites; Contact zone amphibolites.Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol. 66 (2016) phase (325-290 Ma) of the intense granitoid magmatism in the Sudetes (ca. 340-290 Ma) which produced several large plutons (cf. e.g., Mazur et al. 2007; ObercDziedzic et al. 2013). The formation of the intrusion is correlated with a relatively early stage of that phase in Late Carboniferous times (Awdankiewicz et al. 2010) due to coupled tectonic and magmatic processes involving both mantle and crustal sources . As a consequence, the batholith...

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Fluorite mineralization was studied in the Variscan granitoid Karkonosze pluton in the northern part of the Bohemian massif (Lower Silesia, Poland). Fluid inclusions in fluorite and quartz were investigated by the following methods: heating and freezing on an immersion microscope stage, spectrophotometric and electron probe analysis, calcination and water leachate. The parent fluids of fluorite were of the Na-Ca-Cl type with a low CO₂ content. The fluoride ions had sources in the pluton and in its host rocks. Fluid inclusion observations provide evidence of various post-formation alteration. such as refilling, partition, cracking, migration, expulsion or vacuole modification from irregular to cubic habit. A final model of fluorite origin and parent fluid evolution is presented.

Gagarinite-(Ce) [Na(Ca,Ce)2F6] has been synthesized as a product in experiments designed to examine the fluid-induced alteration of chevkinite-(Ce). The experiments were conducted at 600 °C and 400 MPa for 21 days and at 550 °C and 200 MPa for 63 days. At 600 °C, a rim of gagarinite-(Ce) was seen to develop around chevkinite-(Ce), which was itself enclosed in a glassy, amorphous material containing inclusions of albite. At 550 °C, the chevkinite-(Ce) was observed to be surrounded by a rim of gagarinite-(Ce) and fluorbritholite-(Ce), which in turn was enclosed in massive narsarsukite with inclusions of albite. This assemblage was associated with a sodic pyroxene. In the 550 °C run both rims with gagarinite-(Ce) were subsequently overgrown by both Ce-bearing frankdicksonite and a lamprophyllite group mineral identified as delindeite. Electron probe microanalyses are given of all reactant phases. The stability conditions of gagarinite-(Ce) are in accord with those inferred from the only natural occurrence, Strange Lake, Canada. The formation of gagarinite-(Ce) is ascribed to NaF being the only component added in the experiments, resulting in a very high Na/Ca ratio in the system. New parageneses for narsarsukite, frankdicksonite, and delindeite are reported.