ANALISIS DOSIS RADIASI ALAM DARI PAPARAN RADON DAN RADIASI GAMMA DI RUMAH PENDUDUK DI KALIMANTAN BARAT. Telah dilakukan analisis dosis radiasi alam yang berasal dari radiasi radon dan radiasi gamma di rumah penduduk di wilayah Kalimantan Barat. Dosis radon diukur menggunakan metode pasif dengan detektor jejak nuklir CR-39 yang dipasang di rumah penduduk selama 3-4 bulan, sedangkan dosis radiasi gamma diukur menggunakan surveimeter model Ludlum-19 . Setelah selesai detektor di ambil kemudian dilakukan proses di laboratorium untuk dilakukan penentuan konsentrasi radon di dalam rumah penduduk. Hasil analisis dari CR-39 diperoleh hasil konsentrasi radon di dalam rumah penduduk dalam rentang 3,13 – 69,57 Bq/m3 dengan nilai rerata sebesar 21,65 ± 1,53 Bq/m3. Konsentrasi ini masih di bawah tingkat referensi radon yang ditetapkan oleh unscear sebesar 300 Bq/m3. Sedangkan dari pengukukuran konsentrasi Ra-226 dalam bahan bangunan diperoleh hasil dalam rentang 4,75-15,75 Bq/kg. Hasil analisis dosis yang berasal dari radon di rumah penduduk diperoleh nilai dalam rumah dalam rentang nilai 0,08 – 1,11 mSv/tahun dengan rerata sebesar 0,38 ± 0,03 mSv/tahun. Sedangkan dosis gamma yang diukur langsung menggunakan surveimeter diperoleh nilai 0,15 – 0,23 mSv/tahun. Sehingga dosis radiasi alam yang diterima penduduk di Kalimantan Barat sebesar 0,55 – 1,32 mSv/tahun dengannilai rerata sebesar 0,69 ± 0,20 mSv/tahun. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dosis radiasi yang berasal dari paparan radon di dalam rumah di Kalimantan Barat masih di bawah dosis rata-rata di dunia sebesar 2.4 mSv/tahun. Data ini berguna dalam pengambilan kebijakan tentang kesehatan yang berhubungan dengan radiasi di Indonesia.
Determination of element contents in fly ash from the coal power plant industry at Java Island has been performed by the method of Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA). Fly ash was sampled at Electrostatic Precipitator (EP) outlet by using isokinetic probe. Collected fly ash was mixed for 2 minutes and dried using oven at temperature of 105ºC for 2 hours. Fly ash and NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1633b Coal Fly ash were put into polyethylene vials of 0.273 mL with various weights of 11.01-11.24 mg, 16.94-17.34 mg and 29.97-30,27 mg respectively according to the time of irradiation. The samples were put in polyethylene capsules and then irradiated at Rabbit System of Siwabessy Multipurpose Reactor of BATAN at the Power of 15 MW (flux of neutron was 1013 n.cm-2.s-1) for 1 minute (short irradiation), 15 minutes (middle), and 3 hours (long). The content of elements in these samples was then measured by using gamma spectrometer with HPGe detector of Canberra and was analyzed with Genie 2000 and Maestro shoftwares. The result showed that fly ash from coal power plant contained mayor elements : Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Sr and Na with the concentrations of 5,572 - 20,636 mg/kg; 36,353 -140,972 mg/kg; 27,729 - 144,296 mg/kg; 3,680 - 7,325 mg/kg; 624 - 9,515 mg/kg; 62,454 - 114,325 mg/kg, 628.0 - 1.775 mg/kg and 995.0 - 12,640 mg/kg; and minor elements detected were Se, Cs, Zn, V, Cr, Hg, Th, Sc, As, Sr, U, Co, Nd, Hf, Rb, Sb and La at the concentrations of 2.94-76.5 mg/kg. Keywords: element content, fly ash, Neutron Activation AnalysisABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penentuan kandungan unsur pada cuplikan fly ash (abu terbang) pada industri PLTU batubara di Pulau Jawa dengan metode analisis aktivasi neutron (AAN). Abu terbang setelah melewati Electrostatic Precipitator (EP) dicuplik menggunakan probe isokinetik. Cuplikan yang terkumpul dikocok selama dua menit dan dikeringkan dalam oven pada suhu 105ºC selama 2 jam. Cuplikan abu terbang dan Standard Reference Material (SRM) NIST 1633b Coal Fly ash masing-masing dimasukkan dalam vial polietelin ukuran 0,273 ml dengan berat 11,01-11,24 mg, 16,94-17,34 mg dan 29,97-30,27 mg masing-maing untuk waktu iradiasi yang berbeda. Vial abu terbang dan vial SRM kemudian dimasukkan dalam kapsul polietilen dan kemudian diiradiasi pada Rabbit System Reaktor Serbaguna Siwabessy BATAN pada Daya 15 MW (fluks neutron 1013 n.cm-2.s-1) selama 1 menit (iradiasi pendek), 15 menit (iradiasi menengah), dan 3 jam (iradiasi panjang). Sampel hasil iradiasi pendek selanjutnya dicacah menggunakan Spektrometer Gamma dengan detektor HPGe buatan Canberra dan sampel iradiasi menegah dan panjang menggunakan HPGe buatan Ortec Model Gem-60 dan selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak Genie 2000 dan MAESTRO. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa cuplikan abu terbang dari PLTU batubara mengandung unsur mayor Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, dan Na dengan konsentrasi masing-masing adalah 5.572 – 20.636 mg/kg; 36.353 – 140.972 mg/kg; 27.729-144.296 mg/kg; 3.680-7.325; 624-9.515 mg/kg, 62.454-114.325 mg/kg, 628,0–1.775 mg/kg dan 995,0- 12.640 mg/kg, sedangkan unsur-unsur minor yang terdeteksi yaitu : Se, Cs, Zn, V, Cr, Hg, Th, Sc, As, Sr, U, Co, Nd, Hf, Rb, Sb dan La dengan konsentrasi 2,94-76,5 mg/kg.Kata kunci: kandungan unsur, abu terbang, analisis aktivasi neutron.
Radon concentration analysis in the residential houses on Ambon and Seram Island - Maluku through the passive method using the CR-39 nuclear track detector has been studied. The CR-39 nuclear track detector was installed inside the residential houses for 3 months. After finishing the exposure, the detector was taken and etched using 6.25 N NaOH solution. The nuclear track of radon in the CR-39 was read by a microscope with 400 times magnification. From the results of reading the track, determination of radon concentration in the houses was calculated. The results of the analysis showed that radon concentrations in the residential houses of Ambon and Seram Islands, Maluku at the low level were in the range of 2.56 ± 0.18 Bq/m3 to 59.65 ± 4.22Bq/m3 with an average value of 28.42 ± 1.98 Bq/m3. The average concentration of radon is still below the average radon concentration in the world of 50 Bq/m3. The value of dose received by the population due to exposure of radon and gamma radiation in the range of 0.90-1.44 mSv/year. There is a positive correlation between radon concentration value and total radiation doses received by the population for a year. This data can be used in the study of radiation safety for the Ministry of Health and as a contribution to Indonesia in the international community about monitoring environmental radiation from radon concentrations in residential houses
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