One of the techniques used in the industry for the control of variables is, from their magnitudes, such as fuel flow, air volume, amount of material mass, among others. The ceramic industry needs to measure and control the polluting gases of its fixed sources in a less costly way, based on tools that allow agility in decision making to mitigate the adverse effects, not only to comply with a legal standard, but also for environmental and management commitment. The objective of the research is to design a predictive model of the concentration of polluting gases in the beehive ovens based on the results of the balance of matter and energy in the beehive ovens. An exploratory descriptive methodology was used, where data on beehive ovens and fourteen (14) continuous quantitative variables were considered through the statistical technique of multiple regression to analyze the predictive behavior of the pollutant concentration variables. As a result, the predictive capacity of the resulting model was high, explaining 79% of the total variation of the variable. The multiple correlation coefficient of the complete model was 0.79. During the analysis of the model assumptions, the Durbin Watson score reached a value of 1.971, evidencing compliance with the assumption of independence of the errors.

In the combustion processes of the ceramic industry, large amounts of pollutant gas concentration are generated, so it is necessary to measure the system and the physical phenomenon, as well as the variables inherent to the process, for subsequent estimation in terms of physical magnitudes, and a dimensional analysis, this allows to generate approximations in the causal relationships of the variables. The objective of the research is to analyze the behavior of the variables involved in the process and the influence of the mass flows of polluting gases. An exploratory and experimental methodology was used, for this, the data were taken with the technique of direct measurement in the sources of gas emissions and subsequently subjected to simulation in software such as AMOS V24.0 and LISREL V8.8., on the other hand, the data were subjected to an exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis, using SPSS software version 24.0. As a result, the variables capacity and production are practically identical, which leads to a high correlation and, consequently, an undesired multicollinearity between the variables, so the suggestion is to omit one of them. On the other hand, the sulfur percentage variable is inversely correlated with most of the variables and its saturation is not clear, so it is theoretically sustained as a latent variable of the SO2 indicator.

The phenomenon of transculturation in different countries is a very complex reality, it is a challenge for the organizational system because it has to adapt a strategic direction under a multicultural framework, therefore the development of this research allows us to analyze two management dimensions: the profile of strategic leadership and management skills, assessing factors such as different leadership styles, decision making, teamwork, and motivation, among others. A simple random sampling of a determined population was used, central tendency and dispersion measures were calculated, obtaining confidence interval estimators for the sample variance as a parameter of interest. A research instrument (questionnaire) was designed and applied, which was developed from the systematization and operationalization of variables. The mechanism of expert judgment was used to validate the instrument and a pilot test was developed to establish its reliability. The instrument was applied to a sample of 120 small and medium enterprises located in the city of Cúcuta, Colombia and peripheral areas. The participants established that the most suitable skills in management are those of the motivational factor, teamwork, decision-making and the profile of strategic transformational leadership. At the same time, it is deduced that the managers who participated in the study exercise transformational and transactional leadership, based on a balance between contingent rewards and intellectual stimuli in order to achieve the goals established in the organization.

El presente proyecto se desarrolló con el propósito evaluar el impacto laboral del programa académico tecnología en procesos industriales de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, tomando como base el análisis de la percepción académica impartida en la formación profesional. Se aplicaron instrumentos de recolección de información hacia las empresas del sector productivo de la región que mantienen vínculo con el programa académico a través de diversas modalidades de extensión, permitiendo contrastar las necesidades y expectativas demandadas por las organizaciones a nivel de competencias técnicas e integrales en su recurso humano con las habilidades demostradas por los graduados del programa académico.  Se determinó que la inserción laboral en los graduados de programa se ve afectada por la preferencia que tienen éstos de continuar su formación en el ciclo profesional de Ingeniería. Así mismo se pudo establecer que gran parte de las Organizaciones del sector productivo de la región identifican a los graduados del programa de Tecnología en Procesos Industriales por su buen desempeño laboral medido desde la existencia de habilidades transversales. Finalmente se estableció un plan de acción que describe oportunidades de mejora en los procesos de docencia, a fin de mejorar continuamente la armonía entre las competencias de los nuevos graduados y las necesidades de la sociedad en el ámbito regional

The use of plastic products and polymeric matrix compounds is increasing in engineering, most of these materials are subjected to dynamic loads, therefore, are constantly evaluated according to experimental methods that allow a characterization of their main properties. Therefore, this research work consisted in carrying out the characterization of mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials of different origin; commercial and recycled, where three cases were worked: Polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene, for which there were 3.5 ± 0.1 mm thick sheets, manufactured by extrusion and supplied by a local supplier, in the city of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia. Afterwards, the specimens or samples were cut for the tension test adapting the shape and geometry, according to the standard test method for tensile properties of plastics, ASTM D638-14, using laser cutting for such purpose, the specimens were conditioned at a temperature of 20 °C during 40 hours prior to the moment of the tension test, the equipment used was a universal machine branded from Electro Mechanical Instrument & Components Corp., commercial reference DL2000 N° 11760 NS 784 with a speed adjustment of 5 mm/min to keep within the times given by the standard. Once the tests are performed, the stress/strain graphs of each case studied are obtained and the experimental results are analyzed from the data provided by the software “Tesc versão 4.00”. Afterwards, Young’s module is statistically analyzed and compared in each study, seeing which one presents the best behavior under the studied load conditions, raising a hypothesis, where the question is if the differences in the sample between Young’s module can come from a population with an mean of zero, in this case, it is concluded that there is no difference between Young’s modulus values for polymethylmethacrylate samples, the same occurred for polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene.