The number of described species on the planet is about 1.9 million, with ca. 17,000 new species described annually, mostly from the tropics. However, taxonomy is usually described as a science in crisis, lacking manpower and funding, a politically acknowledged problem known as the Taxonomic Impediment. Using data from the Fauna Europaea database and the Zoological Record, we show that contrary to general belief, developed and heavily-studied parts of the world are important reservoirs of unknown species. In Europe, new species of multicellular terrestrial and freshwater animals are being discovered and named at an unprecedented rate: since the 1950s, more than 770 new species are on average described each year from Europe, which add to the 125,000 terrestrial and freshwater multicellular species already known in this region. There is no sign of having reached a plateau that would allow for the assessment of the magnitude of European biodiversity. More remarkably, over 60% of these new species are described by non-professional taxonomists. Amateurs are recognized as an essential part of the workforce in ecology and astronomy, but the magnitude of non-professional taxonomist contributions to alpha-taxonomy has not been fully realized until now. Our results stress the importance of developing a system that better supports and guides this formidable workforce, as we seek to overcome the Taxonomic Impediment and speed up the process of describing the planetary biodiversity before it is too late.

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The present systematic classification of Eriophyoidea is widely recognised as artificial and not reflecting plant-herbivore linkage. Quantitative description of host-related morphological variation can provide the basic information needed to improve the eriophyoid taxonomic system and enhance our understanding of mechanisms generating this variation. The purpose of this study was to investigate quantitative morphological traits of populations of cereal rust mite Abacarus hystrix (Nalepa 1896) living on different hosts. Three populations of A. hystrix collected from different grasses (Lolium perenne, Bromus inermis and Elytrigia repens) were examined morphologically. MANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in vectors of means among the three populations. Discriminant analysis yielded 11 traits that significantly differentiate the three populations. Analysis of canonical loadings showed that traits, which best discriminate the populations living on different hosts, are: body elongation, length of setae and overall body size. Host-dependent morphological variation is interpreted in terms of adaptation to specific environmental conditions created by the host. Hypotheses on the sources of this variation are discussed.