Treatment of malocclusions using fixed orthodontic appliances makes it difficult for patients to perform hygiene procedures. Insufficient removal of bacterial biofilm can cause enamel demineralization, manifesting by visible white spot lesions or periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis periodontitis or gingival hyperplasia. The classic methods of preventing the above problems include, in addition to proper hygiene, ultrasonic scaling, periodontal debridement, and oral rinses based on chlorhexidine. New alternative methods of reducing plaque around brackets are being developed. There is a growing interest among researchers in the possibility of using photodynamic therapy in orthodontics. A literature search for articles corresponding to the topic of this review was performed using the PubMed and Scopus databases and the following keywords: ‘photodynamic therapy’, ‘orthodontics’, and ‘photosensitizer(s)’. Based on the literature review, two main directions of research can be distinguished: clinical research on the use of photodynamic therapy in the prevention of white spot lesions and periodontal diseases, and ex vivo research using a modified orthodontic adhesive by adding photosensitizers to them. Methylene blue is the most frequently used photosensitizer in clinical trials. The effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is mainly compared to the ultrasonic scaler as a single therapy or as an adjunct to the ultrasonic scaler. In their conclusions, the researchers most often emphasize the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in reducing microbial levels in patients treated with fixed appliances and the possibility of using it as an alternative to routine procedures aimed at maintaining a healthy periodontium. The authors suggest further research on the use of photodynamic therapy to prove the validity of this method in orthodontics. It should also not be forgotten that proper hygiene is the basis for maintaining oral cavity health, and its neglect is a contraindication to orthodontic treatment.

No abstract

Kinezyterapia to zespół precyzyjnie określonych ćwiczeń, których celem jest wzmocnienie hipotonicznych grup mięśni i zapewnienie prawidłowego rozwoju twarzoczaszki. Zastosowanie kinezytepii jest oceniane na różnych etapach leczenia -profilaktyki wad zgryzu, jako terapia poprzedzająca zasadnicze leczenie, wspomagająca leczenia oraz jako podtrzymanie efektów leczenia po jego zakończeniu. Może ona stanowić cenną metodę niwelowania zaburzeń czynności fizjologicznych, takich jak żucie, połykanie, mowa, tor oddychania. Cel. Artykuł ma celu przedstawienie przeglądu piśmiennictwa dotyczącego różnych ćwiczeń mięśniowych i ich wpływu na przebieg leczenia ortodontycznego. Materiał i metody. Dokonano przeglądu aktualnego, dostępnego

Odontogenic keratocyst, until recently known as keratocystic odontogenic tumor, is a developmental, odontogenic cyst originating from a dental follicle. It is characterized by aggressive and quite fast growth, with a high tendency of recurrence (about 62% of cases). The following article presents a full description of interdisciplinary surgical-orthodontic treatment of a patient who, at the age of 12, was diagnosed with a large keratocyst of the medial region of the mandible, including unerupted teeth: 43, 44, and 45. In addition, partial retention of teeth 23 and 35 was found. Surgical treatment was performed using a two-stage method, with a 7-year follow-up period, during which impacted tooth 43 was removed, and teeth 24 and 36 were also removed. During orthodontic treatment, the acrylic plug was placed in the fenestration area, further orthodontically assisted eruption of dislocated by the cyst teeth 44 and 45, with the use of a removable orthodontic appliance and subsequently, the alignment of the upper and lower teeth with fixed appliances. After completion of orthodontic treatment, 7 years after the cyst enucleation, radiological examination was performed, which revealed a circular lesion in the projection of the roots of the lower teeth with a diameter of about 8 mm, suggesting the presence of cyst relapse. The lesion was enucleated, and the result of the histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis.

Zespół obojczykowo-czaszkowy (CCD) jest rzadką chorobą genetyczną, dziedziczoną autosomalnie dominująco, niewykazującą predylekcji do płci. Występuje z częstotliwością 1:1000 000. Pacjenci z CCD charakteryzują się patognomonicznym wyglądem, a różnorodność fenotypów (izolowane zaburzenia zębowe, postać łagodna, postać ciężka) wiąże