For a successful implementation of intelligent transport systems (ITS), technological progresses and innovations are undisputable important. Nevertheless, economic viability may not be forgotten as a prerequisite. Considerable investments for stakeholders (such as public or industry) are needed to equip vehicles, install the necessary infrastructure or to set up traffic management centers. This study enhances the technological perspective on ITSprojects by picking up the topic of economics. In this study, viable business models are acknowledged as a central success factor for the implementation of ITS. The focus, however, lies on the often neglected socio-economic perspective which includes societal costs and benefits. These impacts can be determined with a cost-benefit analysis (CBA). On the basis of a systematic case study, this study provides a profound understanding for the methodology of the CBA and the importance for public-decision making. By means of ITS-projects of the European Framework Programs, the automotive ITS-project sim TD and the multimodal-related project All Ways Travelling, the significance of CBA-results for ITS-projects is shown. At the same time, the method is critically assessed by showing a number of limitations that can strongly determine the validity of the results, and therefore require a methodological adaption to the needs of ITS-projects.

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Pure Appl. Chem. 58 (1986) 15; b) the same holds for the bridged [14]annulenes with "azupyrene perimeter" (annelated systems of two azulene

The aim of this article is to more precisely define the field of research on the automation of communication, which is still only vaguely discernible. The central thesis argues that to be able to fully grasp the transformation of the media environment associated with the automation of communication, our view must be broadened from a preoccupation with direct interactions between humans and machines to societal communication. This more widely targeted question asks how the dynamics of societal communication change when communicative artificial intelligence—in short: communicative AI—is integrated into aspects of societal communication. To this end, we recommend an approach that follows the tradition of figurational sociology.

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