Various species of Eimeria have different prepatent times and predilection sites, but their life cycles in infected poultry are similar. Practically speaking, chickens can be continuously exposed to various Eimeria species through environmental contamination. Furthermore, storage condition of the oocysts influences subsequent challenge infectivity, since coccidian oocysts contain a polysaccharide energy source known as amylopectin that is required for sporulation of oocysts and survival of the sporozoites. Here analysis of the oocyst-shedding patterns of 3 Eimeria species ( Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella) and the effects of different oocyst storage time (64, 143, 225, and 332 days) on subsequent propagation patterns were evaluated. Based on the analysis of oocyst-shedding patterns and infectious lesions evaluated by oocyst counts and histopathology, respectively, the peak points of oocyst production and infectious lesion generation in animals infected with E. acervulina were observed to occur earlier in comparison to E. maxima- and E. tenella-infected animals. Prolonged storage of E. tenella oocysts decreased oocyst excretion (measured as oocysts per gram of feces [OPG]) and lengthened the peak period. Chickens infected with the freshest oocysts (Group A) had the highest fecal oocyst output, and animals in this group reached their peak at 7 days post-infection (dpi), which is similar to the normal pattern of oocyst output in fresh isolates. Infection with oocysts stored for longer periods showed a 1-day delay in the fecal oocyst peak count (8 dpi), and these infections also resulted in fewer OPG compared to Group A. Therefore, these results indicate that the storage period is important in affecting the peak point and pattern of oocyst shedding.

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Introduction The goal of this study is to update the incidence of hyphema in Operation Iraqi (OIF) and Enduring Freedom (OEF). We wanted to assess associated ocular injuries and final visual acuity (VA) in open-globe versus closed-globe injuries with a hyphema. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective review of the Walter Reed Ocular Trauma Database (WRTOD) to identify U.S. Service members and DoD civilians with hyphema who were evacuated to Walter Reed Army Medical Center between 2001 and 2011. Primary outcome measures were the final VA and differences in concomitant ocular injuries in open-globe hyphema and closed-globe hyphema. Results 168 of 890 eyes (18.9%) in the WROTD had a hyphema. Closed-globe injuries were noted in 64 (38.1%) eyes and open-globe injuries in 104 (61.9%) eyes. A final VA of less than 20/200 was noted in 88 eyes (51.8%). Eyes with hyphema were more likely to have traumatic cataract formation (odds ratio (OR) 6.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.2–9.2, P < 0.001), retinal detachment (OR 4.2, CI 2.8–6.4, P < 0.001), angle recession (OR 8.1, CI 2.9–24.3, P < 0.001), and final VA of less than 20/200 (OR 3.7, CI 2.6–5.4, P < 0.001). Traumatic cataract formation (OR 7.4, CI 2.9–18.7, P < 0.001), retinal detachment (OR 6.1, CI 2.1–17.5, P < 0.001), and a final VA less than 20/200 (OR 6.1, CI 2.4–15.4 P < 0.001) were statistically more likely to occur with an open-globe hyphema than with a closed-globe hyphema. Conclusions Close follow-up in patients with hyphema is important due to the associated development of traumatic cataract and retinal detachment and poor final visual outcome.

The preliminary results and safety profile for TIGATT are promising and appear at least comparable with previously published results for both GATT and trabectome. Initiating the transluminal trabeculotomy with trabectome clearly exposes Schlemm's canal and facilitates threading the microcatheter into the canal. Additionally, if the 360-degree trabeculotomy cannot be completed because of an incompletely patent Schlemm's canal, the patient will at least have a trabectome ablation that can serve as their glaucoma surgery.

Open-angle glaucoma can result as a consequence of isolated conjunctival lymphoid tumors and can resolve with successful treatment of lymphoid lesions. The mechanism of glaucoma may be obstruction of aqueous outflow to the episcleral and conjunctival veins either by compression from a mass effect or direct infiltration that is relieved with resolution of the conjunctival lymphoid lesions. We believe this is a unique presentation of glaucoma associated with lymphoid tumors that has not been reported earlier.