In today’s knowledge- and information-based society, information literacy and information utilization skills are indicators of one’s competitiveness, and play a very important role in various fields (e.g., in one’s career, hobbies, as well as in daily life). In particular, information literacy and information utilization skills in older people are becoming essential for them to lead affluent lives. Moreover, information and communication technology is essential form of technology that can allow the elderly to ask for help in cases of emergency, as well as in daily life. Meanwhile, according to a recent Korean national statistical index, the digital divide among older people is more serious than that of the general public. The purpose of this paper is to statistically show that the digital divide among older people is more serious than other information-weak groups, as well as the general public. In addition, the purpose of this study is to identify the priorities that affect the digital divide among the three elements of the digital divide (digital access, digital capacity, and digital utilization) for older people. Based on that, we propose a variety of ways to solve the digital divide for older people. This study is expected to be widely used in future research and policies as a basis for solving the digital divide among older people.

With the development of information and communication technology, online communication is becoming more active than offline meetings in daily life. This online communication is accelerating, especially as smartphone distribution and utilization become more prevalent. This communication in cyberspace has the advantage of people being able to communicate anytime, anywhere beyond time and place, while causing a variety of inappropriate consequences. A typical one is cyberbullying, which is a serious problem for adolescents who have active communication online. The purpose of this study is to accurately investigate and analyze the status of cyberbullying among adolescents. To this end, national survey data of the National Information Society Agency (NIA) was analyzed for the past three years. The population size and sample size from 2017 to 2019 were 5.773.998 and 4500 (2017), 5,663,725 and 4662 (2018), 5,502,801 and 4779 (2019), respectively. The statistical analysis shows that the biggest type of cyberbullying among adolescents is verbal abuse, and the biggest means is instant messaging. In addition, the most frequent forms of cyberbullying victims and cyberbullying perpetrators occur between individuals. In addition, the correlation between the interpersonal relationships of adolescents and the cyberbullying experience rate were analyzed, and various cyberbullying factors such as psychological factors were analyzed. As a result, we found that the interaction with parents and friendship reliability have a negative correlation with the cyberbullying experience rate. We expect the results of this study to be of great help to future research and policies of juvenile cyberbullying.

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In this paper, we present a locking-based concurrency control scheme for object-oriented databases (OODBs). Our scheme deals with class hierarchy which is an important property in OODBs. The existing concurrency controls for a class hierarchy perform well only for specific environments. Our scheme is based on so called special classes and can be used for any applications with less locking overhead than existing work.

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