Compared with ESD, EMR-D is technically simple, minimally invasive, and safe for treating small rectal NETs contained within the submucosa. EMR-D can be considered an effective and safe resection method for rectal NETs <16 mm in diameter without metastasis.

Introducer PEG with UTE is a useful method for gastrostomy placement with a high success rate. This technique allows procedure-related complications to be avoided and permits the use of endoscopy in patients with narrow esophagi or oropharynges. However, the long-term durability of the balloon-type catheter is questionable.

The Si/SiO2 one-dimensional photonic crystals of heterostructural multilayers with two periods, ΛA and ΛB, have great potential for multiple-wavelength-transmission filters. These structures were prepared by inserting N pairs of ΛB (as the defect region) in the middle of two sets of two pairs of ΛA, so that the structure becomes air→[(2∙ΛA)→(N∙ΛB)→(2∙ΛA)]→substrate. N means the number of ΛB pairs in the defect region. The complex refractive indices of Si and SiO2 are assumed to be 3.7+i0 and 1.5+i0 in the transfer matrix calculation. The number of transmission channels or defect branches m is given by 2N, that is, m=2N. For large N(&gt;10), the photonic band gap exists in a normalized frequency range ω of 0.0846–0.3838, which corresponds to the wavelength range of 0.84–6.67 μm. The defect branches are placed on a branch band between two symmetric flat bands. For a filling factor η=0.406, a matching condition of optical length in two alternating layers, the branches at the center of the branch band are divided into a uniform frequency interval. In particular, we claim that the transmission-defect branches can be precisely tuned by controlling the incident angles without external applied bias.

Currently, large amounts of thermal energy dissipated from automobiles are emitted through hot exhaust pipes. This has resulted in the need for a new efficient recycling method to recover energy from waste hot exhaust gas. The present experimental study investigated how to improve the power output of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) system assisted by a wickless loop heat pipe (loop thermosyphon) under the limited space of the exhaust gas pipeline. The present study shows a novel loop-type heat pipe-assisted TEG concept to be applied to hybrid vehicles. The operating temperature of a TEG's hot side surface should be as high as possible to maximize the Seebeck effect. The present study shows a novel TEG concept of transferring heat from the source to the sink. This technology can transfer waste heat to any local place with a loop-type heat pipe. The present TEG system with a heat pipe can transfer heat and generate an electromotive force power of around 1.3 V in the case of 170°C hot exhaust gas. Two thermoelectric modules (TEMs) for a conductive block model and four Bi 2 Te 3 TEMs with a heat pipe-assisted model were installed in the condenser section. Heat flows to the condenser section from the evaporator section connected to the exhaust pipe. This novel TEG system with a heat pipe can be placed in any location on an automobile.