Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the mediating effect of organizational identification (OI) in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and also to examine the moderating effects of transactional and relational contracts in the relationship between OI and OCB. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from employees working for ten companies in South Korea. The participants were asked with a self-reported survey, and 284 questionnaires were used in the analyses. Findings – Among the three types of organizational justice, the effects of distributive and interactional justice on OCB were mediated by OI. The authors also found that the positive relationship between OI and OCB was stronger for both a low level of transactional and a high level of relational contract. In addition, the moderated mediation analyses confirmed that the indirect relationships between distributive, interactional justice and OCB through OI were valid for both high and low level of transactional contract, and only for low level of relational contract. Practical implications – To facilitate employees’ OCB, organizations have to pay adequate attention to distributive justice which is rather neglected, and also must understand what types of psychological contract employees have. Originality/value – This study intensively explored the internal mechanism as to how the different types of organizational justice lead to OCB by identifying the mediating effect of OI and moderating roles of psychological contracts.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine how an organization's ethical climate positively relates to its financial performance by considering an organization's innovation, a support for innovation and performance evaluation.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from employees and managers of 41 subsidiaries of a conglomerate in South Korea through survey questionnaires.FindingsThe results indicate that an organization's ethical climate is positively related to financial performance, and its positive relationship is mediated by an organization's innovation. The result also shows that a support for innovation has the moderating effect, such that the positive influence of an organization's ethical climate on its innovation increases when a support for innovation is high. However, this study fails to find the moderating effect of performance evaluation.Research limitations/implicationsThere might be the issue of generalizability, because the sample of this study is on the sample of a conglomerate in South Korea. Future research with different types of organizations in other nations is needed.Practical implicationsThis study indicates that an organization's ethical climate can be a critical predictor of its innovation as well as financial performance. In this regard, organizations should pay attention to employees' perceptions of the organization's ethical climate.Originality/valueThis study explains the mechanisms on how an organization's ethical climate is related to its financial performance, and provides implications for organizations strivings for ethics in developing countries such as South Korea.

This paper, with its multilevel design including 90 work groups in South Korea, proposes and examines how distributive justice relates to job stress, and thus leading to turnover intention at the individual level, and how this relationship is affected by empowerment climate at the group level. The results of hierarchical linear modeling show that employees’ perception of distributive justice was negatively related to job stress. We also find that job stress partially mediated the influence of distributive justice on turnover intention. In addition, at the work group level, the empowerment climate decreased employees’ job stress, and the negative relationship between distributive justice and job stress at the individual level was moderated by the empowerment climate. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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