This paper conducts a physiological and biochemical regulation analysis on the elite rowers' weekly pre-competition training session, taking Guangdong men's lightweight rowing team as study object. Methods: literature study, expert interview, test and mathematical statistics. Results: Firstly, the weekly training session consists differentdistance rowing on water, core strength training on land with proper load-intensity, which mainly focuses on aerobic training and intensifies training according to the rowers' weak points during the full length rowing; Secondly, the performance in simulation games and the final game indicate the effectiveness of the training with improvement of whole distance rowing results, the rowers' lactic acid indexes rise as their performances improve. Conclusions: the weekly rowing training mode reasonably allocates land training and water training, which proves its effectiveness through analyzing the rowers' physiological and biochemical changes during training sessions and games. This research is applicable to the monitoring of physiological and biochemical index for elite rowers' weekly pre-competition training session.