In order to solve the problem of aviation equipment system maintenance, it is very difficult to judge the faulty finished product according to the fault phenomenon, the author proposes a data mining-based prediction model for aviation equipment failure finished products. The model takes historical fault record data as input, clusters a large number of fault descriptions through text clustering to obtain fault phenomenon clusters, and establishes a many-to-many relationship between “fault phenomenon” and “fault finished product.” A probability distribution algorithm for faulty finished products is proposed, and by matching new fault phenomena and fault phenomenon clusters, the probability distribution of faulty finished products is calculated. The experimental results show that after calling the model to complete the clustering of the fault information database, 18966 fault phenomenon clusters are obtained, and each fault phenomenon cluster contains 2.9 fault records on average, the many-to-many relationship between the fault phenomenon and the faulty finished product of the fault information database is successfully constructed. The model can effectively predict the probability distribution of products that may fail according to the fault description, and the prediction accuracy can be improved with the increase of the amount of data to meet the actual security needs.