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In this study, a rubber dumbbell cylindrical tube specimen is used as an example to study the effect of cerium oxide on the multiaxial fatigue life of vulcanized natural rubber (rb) under different strain amplitudes and different loading paths. The cracking energy density (CED), strain energy density (SED), Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT), Chen-Xu-Huang (CXH), and Fatemi-Socie fatigue life prediction models were used to evaluate the experimental data. The results show that the multiaxial fatigue life of the specimen increases with decreasing strain amplitude, the loading path has a significant influence on the life of rb, the SWT model and the CXH model have good prediction results for both materials, and the filling of cerium oxide can improve the fatigue resistance of vulcanized natural rubber.

Two natural rubber (NR) compounds of hardness shore A 60 and 70 with 10 different biaxial displacement/twist paths were investigated using an axisymmetric cylindrical hollow dumbbell specimen. The effects of the proportional and non‐proportional loading modes on the fatigue life are discussed. In total, 52 fatigue test results are reported with fatigue life results of 3,918 to 488,000 cycles. The effect of the channel phase on the fatigue life is discussed.

Cerium oxide (CeO2) modified natural rubber (NR) exhibits good mechanical properties, such as high abrasion resistance, high tear strength and good thermal aging and creep resistance. Rubber components are often subjected to long-term cyclic loading in service. Therefore, fatigue performance needs to be considered for their application. In the investigations, tensile properties and fatigue properties of CeO2 modified vulcanised NR under uniaxial loading were investigated. The fatigue tests were carried out under constant cyclic strain range at room temperature. Results showed that the CeO2 modified NR demonstrated higher elastic modulus and larger elongation than that of unmodified rubber, which were related to the enhanced interaction and bonding force of rubber chains by CeO2 additive. Moreover, a remarkably enhanced fatigue life could be achieved in the CeO2 modified NR. The internal friction and impact in the rubber matrix was relieved by CeO2 additive, which can reduce the hysteresis loss during cyclic loading, resulting in improved fatigue resistance in CeO2 modified vulcanised NR.

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