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Using individual business surveys, this study examines the most important factors for firms' decisions to relocate or expand in the past as well as their intention to relocate or expand in the future. Results indicate that factors related to firms' internal characteristics, features of location sites, and the general economic environment may affect firms' past and future decisions. These factors are found to be generally consistent in their impact upon the past and future decisions with several noticeable differences. The hypothesis of footloose firms is supported by this study.

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How much farmers benefit from public agricultural research and development (R&D) has been a topic of continued interest. Compared to studies based on classical statistics, we show theoretically and employ the Spatial Durbin Model and the Panel Threshold Regression Model to investigate the different impacts and spatial spillover effects of public agricultural R&D on farm and nonfarm income. Using China's provincial panel data from 2000 to 2015, we find that public agricultural R&D has a positive impact on rural household income. This impact is mainly reflected by nonfarm income and exhibits heterogeneous interprovincial-spatial spillover.We also find that interregional differences in infrastructure, represented by road transportation and Internet access in rural areas, are the main reasons for the spatial heterogeneity. Higher road density and Internet penetration enhance the positive impact of public agricultural R&D on rural income, and the enhancement exhibits characteristics of thresholds, after which the size of enhancement becomes increasingly larger.

Context and background-Although energy constraints, green technology innovation increment, and corporate profitability are issues of central importance to enterprise management and the environment, many aspects of these elements have been neglected in the present work. Methods-Using data from listed manufacturing firms in China, this study presents two major findings. Results-First, we identify a U-shaped relationship between city-specific energy constraints and business profitability. Second, we find green technology innovation can significantly drive profitability in different types of industries. In addition, the profitability of certain enterprises, such as those that are smaller and younger can be more drastically affected by energy constraints. Conclusions and Suggestions-To develop a green innovation-driven strategy to allow manufacturing enterprises to achieve greater profitability and promote ecological improvements, we recommend energy policies be more individualized to guide "energy-constraint sensitive" enterprises to success.