This study aims to investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among men with different sexual orientations with or without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in China. A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2016–2017 in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province. Convenient sampling was used to recruit male participants from HIV voluntary counselling and testing clinics and Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A face-to-face questionnaire interview was administered and an anal-canal swab was collected for HPV genotyping. A total of 160 HIV-positive and 113 HIV-negative men participated in the study. The prevalence of any type HPV was 30.6% for heterosexual men, 74.1% for homosexual and 63.6% for bisexual men among HIV-positive participants, while the prevalence was 8.3%, 29.2% and 23.8% respectively among HIV-negatives. The most prevalent genotypes were HPV-58 (16.9%), HPV-6 (15.6%) and HPV-11 (15.0%) among HIV-positive men, and were HPV-16 (4.4%), HPV-52 (4.4%) and HPV-6 (3.5%) among HIV-negative men. Having ever had haemorrhoids and having ever seen blood on tissue after defaecation was associated with HPV infection. One-fourth of the HPV infections in this study population can be covered by the quadrivalent vaccine in market. The highly prevalent anal HPV infection among men especially HIV-infected men calls for close observation and further investigation for anal cancer prevention.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of various electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities among HIVpositive and HIV-negative individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional evaluation included 1412 HIV-positive and 2824 HIV-negative participants aged 18 to 75 years and frequency matched by age and sex, derived from the baseline survey of Comparative HIV and Aging Research in Taizhou (CHART), China, between February and December 2017. Results: HIV-positive individuals had higher prevalence of sinus tachycardia (5.6% (79/1412) vs. 1.3% (36/ 2824), p < 0.001) and ST/T wave abnormalities (14.9% (211/1412) vs. 9.4% (264/1412), p < 0.001) but lower prevalence of sinus bradycardia (4.8% (68/1412) vs. 7.5% (211/2824), p 0.001); such associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for traditional risk factors (respectively, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.06e7.17; aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.54e2.34; aOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.44e0.80). In adjusted models, being in higher carotid intimaemedia thickness categories was significantly associated with ST/T abnormalities in HIV-positive individuals only (0.78e1.00 mm: aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.01e2.12; >1.00 mm: aOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.39e3.42), whereas being in higher blood pressure categories was significantly associated with both sinus tachycardia (prehypertension: aOR 5.61, 95% CI 1.76e17.91; hypertension: aOR 12.62, 95% CI 3.60e44.27) and ST/T abnormalities (hypertension: aOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.41 e2.95) in HIV-negative individuals only. Longer duration of known HIV infection was the only HIVspecific factor of ST/T abnormalities (aOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.17e2.22), with none for sinus tachycardia. Conclusions: HIV infection is independently associated with sinus tachycardia and ST/T abnormalities. Further research is needed to investigate specific mechanisms by which HIV infection leads to ECG abnormalities and to evaluate whether inclusion of ECG parameters improves cardiovascular disease prediction. Integrating ECG screening into routine HIV care is recommended in China.