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In this paper, a distributed energy storage design within an electric vehicle for smarter mobility applications is introduced. Idea of body integrated super-capacitor technology, design concept and its implementation is proposed in the paper. Individual super-capacitor cells are connected in series or parallel to form a string connection of super-capacitors with the associated management unit to form a panel. These super-capacitor panels are shaped to fit the alternative concept of vehicle design, and it solves the design issues and prepares for configurable electric vehicles. Body integration of super-capacitors enhances the acceleration, and regenerative braking performances of the electric vehicle increases the operating life of the Li-ion battery and improves space utilization by giving more area for the main energy source, the Li-ion battery. Integrating super-capacitor into the car body involves special packaging technology to minimize space and promotes distributed energy storage within a vehicle. This pioneering design encourages future configurable electric vehicles. Model of both the Li-ion battery and the super-capacitor employed is studied with its series internal resistance determined at various C-rates. Loss and the efficiency analysis of the bi-directional converter, traits of body integrated super-capacitors system and control of the interleaved bi-directional converter to regulate the power-sharing in the hybrid energy storage system is presented.

The anti-lock braking system(ABS) research based on wheel slip control(WSC) is the classical method and can be found in the literature for almost all automobile braking applications. Despite the significant progress of ABS that has taken place over the last few years, with the recent high demand in autonomous driving, smart control, and electric vehicle, new issues that constitute an open topic for research emerge. Among them, robustness of the braking performance under complex road conditions, the steady-state performance, and reduction of the tracking error are topics of interest that require further study, especially for designing vehicle's four-wheel ABS. This paper aims to propose a four-wheel braking control strategy based on the intelligent FSM-WSC method. The dynamic models under complex braking situations are firstly built including the important issues of the transition of road conditions, the split-road conditions between the left-side wheels and the right-side wheels, even the extreme situation in which road conditions of each wheel are different. To demonstrate control performance, substantial simulation results are analyzed and examined. Finally, performance discussion is presented and it forms a future ABS control and model. Index Terms-anti-lock braking system(ABS), wheel slip control(WSC), fuzzy sliding mode(FSM), four-wheel ABS, complex road conditions.

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