Articles you may be interested inStructure and electrical properties of Bi 3.15 Nd 0.85 Ti 3 O 12 nanofibers synthesized by electrospinning and sol-gel method Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 012904 (2010); Bi 3.15 Nd 0.85 Ti 3 O 12 thin films of two different preferred orientations were sol-gel grown on Pt/ Ti/ SiO 2 / Si. Using different heating rates during crystallization, either films containing 65% columnar grains with ͑104͒ / ͑014͒ orientation or fine-grained films with a predominant c-axis orientation were obtained. Anisotropic ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were determined, with a remanent polarization 2P r = 46.4 C/cm 2 and a piezoelectric coefficient d 33 =17 pm/V in a predominantly ͑104͒ / ͑014͒-oriented film, but only 2P r = 16.7 C/cm 2 and d 33 = 5 pm/ V in a predominantly c-axis-oriented film. These values confirm that the polarization vector of this material is close to the crystallographic a axis.

Bi 3.15 Nd 0.85 Ti 3 O 12 (BNdT) thin films were deposited on Pt∕Ti∕SiO2∕Si substrates using a sol-gel process. The film annealed at 750°C is composed of grains of 50–100nm in diameter. The fine grains show nearly random orientations. “Micropores” were frequently observed at the junctions of the grains and they are mostly amorphous, while sometimes containing very fine crystalline particles with sizes of only a few nanometers. The BNdT film capacitors with a Pt top electrode showed excellent ferroelectric properties. The remanent polarization and the coercive field were in the range of 41–43μC∕cm2 and 70–84kV∕cm, respectively. The BNdT capacitors did not show any significant fatigue up to 5×109 switching cycles at a frequency of 1MHz.