RESUMENFundamento: En Cataluña, el programa de vacunación antineumocócica (VAN), que incluye a todas las personas mayores de 65 años se inició en 1999. Tres años después, analizamos las coberturas vacunales según presencia de factores de riesgo para padecer neumonía.Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal, emplazado en 8 Áreas Básicas de Salud (ABS) de Tarragona. Se incluyeron todas las personas mayores de 64 años asignados a las 8 ABS participantes (n=11241). Mediante revisión de historias clínicas informatizadas y del Registro informático de vacunaciones, valoramos en cada paciente si había recibido la VAN antes de enero de 2002, así como la presencia de enfermedades o factores de riesgo para sufrir neumonía.Resultados: La cobertura vacunal global fue 44,4% (37,1% en 65-74 años, 53,9% en 75-84 y 51,5% en 85-99 años). Las mayores coberturas se dieron entre aquellos con neoplasia activa (56,7%), nefropatía crónica (55,3%), enfermedad pulmonar crónica (54,2%) y cardiopatía crónica (53,5%). Las menores coberturas se observaron en fumadores (38,9%), pacientes enólicos (43,6%) y hepatopatía crónica (46,5%). La cobertura VAN fue 38,9% (IC 95%: 37,6-40,2) entre las personas sin ningún factor de riesgo, del 47,7% (IC 95%: 46,1-49,4) entre aquellos con un factor, y del 52,7% (IC 95%:52,6-54,8) entre aquellos con dos o más factores. Conclusiones:A pesar de una cobertura global aceptable, existen amplios subgrupos de pacientes con alto riesgo que no han recibido la VAN. Los resultados sugieren que, tratando de alcanzar altas coberturas globales, la presencia de factores de riesgo es poco tenida en cuenta para prescribir o no la VAN. In Catalonia, a polyanccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV) programme which includes subjects over 65 years old, was started in 1999. Three years later, we study the vaccine cover in relation to the presence of risk factors for pneumonia.
There are many indicators to measure different aspects of the Primary Health Care activities. However, the interpretation of most of them it is difficult because the majority give partial information. This work proposes a standardised model to calculation of a synthetic indicator to measure the product of primary care teams. We made this work based on the sequential realization of a bibliographical review, a retrospective study to know registered morbidity, and the consent of a working group. For the design of the synthetic indicator we carried out a sequential working methodology in six phases: (1) identification and selection of components for the indicator; (2) determination of theoretical prevalences and coverages; (3) ponderation of the components; (4) establishment of standards; (5) formulation of the components; (6) application of the scale and calculation of the indicator. Ten health problems were selected; that supposed a standardised scale of 17 items (EQA-17). The 10 problems of health which composed this synthetic indicator contemplate the realization of activities of promotion of the health (smoking cessation), activities of primary prevention (tetanus and influenza vaccination), care of acute problems (prescription of antibiotics), and care of chronic diseases (diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, patients with high-risk cardiovascular index, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure). The concept of a synthetic indicator to measure the level of quality of the product generated by the primary care teams could be useful for the improvement of the current evaluation models in primary care services.
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