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AbstraetThis paper describes the effect of Jichen colonization on the first century A.D. pavement of the forum at Baelo Claudia, aRoman city located in southcrn Spain. Lichen colonization is scarce, covering only 13% of the total surface. The rest of the flagstones are mostly uncovered but show strong physico-chemical weathering. The fiagstones colonized by Iichens do not show weathering. The distribution of the species is influenced by environmental factors, confirming the role of lichens as bioindicators of different habitats. The líchenjsandstone interface shows some weathering, but nevertheless, the protective role of lichens in an aggressive environment is noticeable.

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The mortars covering some walls of the Roman city of Baelo Claudia (Cadiz, Spain) support an abundant colonization of cyanobacteria, algae and lichens. The distribution of these organisms is closely related to microclimatic parameters. Furthermore, the development, specific composition and biomass of algal cryptoendolithic communities are related to the wall orientation. The effect of these communities on mortar deterioration is discussed.