Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, affecting people worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 infection is a multisystem disease with potential for detrimental effects on various systemic organs. It affects people of all ages with varying degrees of disease severity. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection commonly present with dry cough, fever, and fatigue. A clinical spectrum of skin findings secondary to SARS-CoV-2 has also been reported. The most common cutaneous patterns associated with COVID-19 are chilblain-like lesions (CBLL), maculopapular lesions, urticarial lesions, vesicular lesions, and livedoid lesions. Other skin findings secondary to SARS-COV-2 infection are erythema multiforme (EM)-like lesions and skin findings associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and rarely multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A). Physician awareness of skin manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection can help with early identification and treatment. This narrative review provides an update of various skin manifestations reported with SARS-CoV-2 infection, including clinical presentation, proposed pathogenesis, histopathology, prognosis, and treatment options.
How telemedicine may exacerbate disparities in patients with limited English proficiency Type of communication Barriers Proposed best practices Written communication Telemedicine has led to increased use of written communication. The default language for online medical record, emails, instructions for storeand-forward photo-taking and uploading, and text messages is English. Adapt all forms of written communication to patient preferred language Varying levels of written literacy Consider visual tutorials such as video or infographics Verbal communication Patient preferred language may not be accurate in online medical recordsAsk all patients and caregivers whether they need interpreters English-speaking family members may make appointments on behalf of the patient Caregivers with limited English proficiency with children who are fluent in English Default language for phone call reminders and instructions is English Deliver this information in patient preferred language J AM ACAD DERMATOL
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