High ion conductivity of anion-exchange membrane is essential for the operation of alkaline anion-exchange membrane fuel cell. In this work, we demonstrated an effective strategy to enhance the conductivity of anion-exchange membrane (AEM), by incorporation of quaternized cellulose nanocrystal (QCNC) for the first time. Morphology observation demonstrated a uniform distribution of QCNC within QPPO matrix, as well as a clear QCNC network, which led to significant enhancement in hydroxide conductivities of composite membranes, for example, 2 wt % QCNC/QPPO membrane possessed a conductivity of 160% (60 mS cm, @80 °C) of that of QPPO. Furthermore, H/O cell performance of membrane electrode assembly based on 2 wt % QCNC/QPPO AEM showed an excellent peak power density of 392 mV cm at 60 °C without back pressure, whereas that of neat QPPO AEM was only 270 mV cm.

There has been a "trade-off" between ion exchange capacity (IEC) and mechanical properties in anion exchange membranes. Thinking out of the box, high ion conductivity was realized with only a small amount of ion exchange groups (means low IEC) in this work, by way of constructing highly effective ion channels with electrospun polyelectrolyte nanofibers. At a low IEC of 1.02 mmol g −1 , the conductivity of quaternized poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) nanofiber (QPPONF)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (QPPONF/PVA) composite membranes achieved was 51.5 mS cm −1 at 60 °C, which was much higher than that of the homogenous QPPO casting membrane (20.3 mS cm −1 at 60 °C, IEC = 1.04 mmol g −1 ). Moreover, 70 wt % QPPONF/PVA composite membrane exhibits an excellent peak power density of 791 mW cm −2 in the H 2 /O 2 fuel cell test.

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Extracted rutin from the bud of Sophora japonica, then prepared quercetin by hydrolyzing indirectly the solution of rutin crystal with sulfuric acid, the quercetin and Europium complex can be prepared by quercetin and Europium oxide, which served as raw materials reacted with each other under certain conditions. Then joined in the Fe 3 O 4 nanometer ethanol in 30 • C and reacted 24 h paramagnetic quercetin-Eu metal complexes can be obtained. The complex of quercetin and Europium modified by Fe 3 O 4 is studied by UV, IR spectrophotometry and magnetometer. It may be formed quercetinEuropium complex in A and C ring of quercetin, the quercetin hydroxyl and nano Fe 3 O 4 is combined with the possibility of hydrogen, the complex of quercetin and Europium modified by nano Fe 3 O 4 is measured by magnetometer, the complex have magnetic strength.

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