BACKGROUND Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by a GBA1 gene mutation that leads to decreased acid β-glucosidase activity [glucocerebrosidase (GCase)]. This study aimed to identify and characterise compound heterozygous mutations in GBA1 in a patient with type 1 GD. CASE SUMMARY Here, we report a rare adult-onset type 1 GD in a 46-year-old female patient with clinical manifestations of giant spleen, thrombocytopenia, and bone pain, diagnosed by enzymatic and genetic testing. Enzymology and whole exome sequencing revealed heterozygous missense mutations in exon 10 c.1448T>C (p.L483P) and exon 7 c.928A>G (p.S310G) of GBA1 . The latter was first reported in patients with GD. Structural modelling showed that p.S310G and p.L483P were distant from the GCase active site. The p.S310G mutation in domain 1 may decrease stability between the α2 and α3 helices of GBA1 . The p.L483P mutation in domain 2 reduced the van der Waals force of the side chain and disrupted the C-terminal β-sheet. The patient was treated with imiglucerase replacement therapy, and her condition was stable. CONCLUSION The p.L483P/p.S310G novel compound heterozygous mutation underlies type 1 GD and likely affects GCase protein function. This is the first description of p.S310G being associated with mild type 1 GD in the context of a coinherited p.L483P mutation.