Preimplantation diagnosis (PID) offers couples at high risk of having offspring affected with a genetic disorder the possibility of an early prenatal diagnosis. For many couples this approach will give the opportunity to avoid a selective termination of affected pregnancies. Substantial advances were made in PID since the report, in 1990, of the first birth obtained after PID. Yet, many technical hazards have to be solved for PID to become a standard clinical tool. The very close correlation existing between the forthcoming developments in the fields of PID and human genome mapping will improve the reliability and efficiency of genetic diagnosis. In the near future, the procedure may also become easier and safer. As a consequence, the indications for PID could be extended to other genetic defects, such as multifactorial diseases. They could also be extended to cases with no medical background, such as social gender selection or behavioural traits. In this perspective, it is now time for both the medical and scientific communities to identify the ethical issues related to these potential new indications.

Background: Breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and social support are affective of a mother’s confidence in breastfeeding which are influencing factors of breastfeeding ways. Knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and social support play important and positive role in promoting breastfeeding behavior in macrosomia.Methods: Collect breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and social support scale of 332 mothers of macrosomia, state the current breastfeeding condition macrosomia in China, investigate the influencing factors of breastfeeding way. Using t test for continuous variables and chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.Results: The study collected Breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and social support scale of 332 mothers of macrosomia (148 from breastfeeding group and 184 from non-breastfeeding group). Compared with mothers in control groups, mothers in breastfeeding groups had significantly higher knowledge score, and most of the high-scoring items on the knowledge scale pertained to maternal breastfeeding benefits. Although the attitude had no significant difference between the two groups, most majority of participants (71.4% and 73.2%, respectively) perceived breastfeeding could increase the intimacy of mother and infant (95.41% and 94.75%, respectively). Breastfeeding ways were great influence by self-efficacy. Over half of participants (55.41% and 53.26%, respectively) stated that they “have more than 3 friends who can get support and help,” although up to 95% in both groups supported from family members.Conclusion: This study state that knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and social support are influencing factor that to improve breastfeeding rates of macrosomia, which promote the breastfeeding outcomes.