The potential of AlCl3 modified palygorskite was assessed for adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solutions. The Langmuir isotherm adequately described adsorption with an R2 goodness of fit of 0.9683. The process kinetics was found to follow the pseudo-second-order model. Positive △H and △S values indicated that the adsorption of phosphate onto AlCl3 modified palygorskite was endothermic. Negative △G showed that the adsorption of phosphate onto this sorbent is feasible and spontaneous.

Experimental investigations using granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption and then desorpted with microwave irradiation for toluene abatement are reported in this paper. The results indicated that For different kinds of catalysts, Cu0.33Mn0.67Ox/γ-Al2O3 had the highest catalytic activity. For toluene combustion, the temperature required for 99% toluene conversion was lower than 300°C. In combination process of microwave desorption with catalytic combustion, the toluene conversion was ranged from 92% to 99% and the optimum volume flow rate ratio of carrier and air was 1:1.

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