Rho-binding kinase ␣ (ROK␣) is a serine/threonine kinase with multiple functional domains involved in actomyosin assembly. It has previously been documented that the C terminus part of ROK␣ interacts with the N-terminal kinase domain and thereby regulates its catalytic activity. Here we used antibodies against different domains of ROK␣ and were able to reveal some structural aspects that are essential for the specific functions of ROK␣. Antibodies against the kinase domain revealed that this part of the protein is highly complex and inaccessible. Further experiments confirmed that this domain could undergo inter-and intramolecular interactions in a complex manner, which regulates the kinase catalytic activity. Other antibodies that raised against the coiled-coil domain, Rho binding domain, and the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain were all effective in recognizing the native proteins in an immunoprecipitation assay. Only the anti-Rho binding domain antibodies could activate the kinase independent of RhoA. The PH antibodies had no apparent effects on the catalytic activity but were effective in blocking actomyosin assembly and cell contractility. Likewise, mutations of the PH domains can abrogate its dominant negative effects on actin morphology. The subsequent disruption of endogenous ROK localization to the actomyosin network by overexpressing the PH domain is supportive of a role of the PH domain of ROK in targeting the kinase to these structures.Actin cytoskeleton undergoes rapid dynamic changes in response to extracellular signaling cues, and Rho-family GTPases are key mediators in these responses (1-3). In particular, RhoA is responsible for promoting the formation of actin-based stress fibers and focal adhesions, resulting in contractile phenotype in cultured cells treated with lysophosphatidic acid or sphingosine 1-phosphate (4, 5). Two major effectors of this cytoskeletal event have been identified as ROK 1 (ROK/ROCK/ Rho-kinase; Refs. 6 -8) and diaphanous (9, 10), whose cooperative effects upon activation are essential for Rho activities.ROK␣ belongs to a member of a kinase family that includes myotonic dystrophy kinase, myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase, and citron kinase. In general, they consist of an N-terminal serine/threonine kinase domain that is followed immediately by an extended coiled-coil region and other functional motifs such as GTPase binding, pleckstrin homology (PH), and cysteine-rich domains. In ROK, the C terminus contains an unconventional PH with an internal cysteine-rich motif (6). These multidomain kinases have been reported to be involved in the regulation of some aspects of actin cytoskeleton rearrangement during different cell stages and cytokinesis through their conserved catalytic activities (11)(12)(13)(14).The regulation of the catalytic activity of serine/threonine protein kinases often involves kinase phosphorylation in the activation loop and the hydrophobic motif C-terminal to the kinase domain by autophosphorylation and/or phosphorylation by a hetero...

Abstract. Integrated Magnetic structure can reduce the overall size and weight of a converter, decrease the core losses of a converter. In this paper, the aim of studying the magnetic integration technology applied to DC-DC converters of electric vehicles, is to gain further loss reduction and improve the life of an electric car battery, etc.. At the same time, adding a second-order Bessel low pass filter with integrated magnetic structure will improve filter performance and optimize the power quality of the hybrid energy storage system. Combined battery and ultra capacitor hybrid energy storage systems consist of high-capacity storage, fast response process, recovery of braking energy ,which can extend the life of the electric vehicle and ensure a rapid increase in the speed requirements. The good performance of the hybrid energy storage system in a typical driving cycle has been verified by MATLAB Simulation and experimental tests.

The Electric Car Era is coming. According to the battery charge of car, the optimized control Strategy applied to DC-DC converters of electric vehicles, it is to gain further loss reduction and improve the life of an electric car battery. The hybrid energy storage system adopts the combination of current controller and peak current controller, which improve filter performance and optimize the power quality of the hybrid energy storage system. The hybrid energy storage systems consist of battery and ultracapacitor, Finally, the simulation and experimental results verifies that the control Strategy has the ability of good performances.