Background: This study aimed to assess the effect of perampanel dose, age, sex, and antiseizure medication cotherapy on steady-state free-perampanel concentration in children with refractory epilepsy, as well as the relationship between inflammation and the pharmacokinetics of perampanel. Methods: This prospective study in China included 87 children with refractory epilepsy treated with adjunctive perampanel therapy. Free and total perampanel concentrations in plasma were determined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Free-perampanel concentration was compared among patients with various potential influencing factors. Results: A total of 87 pediatric patients (44 female children) aged 2–14 years were enrolled. The mean free-perampanel concentration and free concentration-to-dose (CD) ratio in plasma were 5.7 ± 2.7 ng/mL (16.3 ± 7.7 nmol/L) and 45.3 ± 21.0 (ng/mL)/(mg/kg) [129.6 ± 60.1 (nmol/L)/(mg/kg)], respectively. The protein binding of perampanel in plasma was 97.98%. A linear relationship was observed between perampanel dose and free concentration in plasma, and a positive relationship was found between the total and free-perampanel concentrations. Concomitant use of oxcarbazepine reduced the free CD ratio by 37%. Concomitant use of valproic acid increased the free CD ratio by 52%. Five patients had a plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) level of >5.0 mg/L (Hs-CRP positive). The total and free CD ratios of perampanel were increased in patients with inflammation. Two patients with inflammation developed adverse events, which disappeared as the Hs-CRP level returned to normal, and neither required perampanel dose reduction. Age and sex did not influence the free-perampanel concentration. Conclusions: This study found complex drug interactions between perampanel and other concomitant antiseizure medications, providing valuable information to enable clinicians to apply perampanel in the future reasonably. In addition, it may be important to quantify both the total and free concentrations of perampanel to assess complex pharmacokinetic interactions.

Intelligent harvesting is one of the important criteria to measure the development level of agricultural modernization. Coordinated operation of harvester-grain truck clusters can improve grain harvesting efficiency and reduce postproduction losses during large-scale rice/wheat concentrated harvests. Overloading the grain on the grain truck will cause serious scattering of grain, further, insufficient loading can result in wasted capacity. How to monitor the grain loading process dynamically is a pressing matter. In this paper, two cameras and a point laser were used to measure the status of grains in the truck in real-time. The loadable capacity of the grain truck can be obtained through the reconstruction of the grain truck carriage edge and the positioning of the bottom of the truck carriage. During the harvester grain unloading process, the cone tip of the wheat pile is irradiated by the laser, and the height of the wheat pile can be obtained by measuring the location of the laser point. Then insufficient loading or overloading can be avoided by controlling the speed of the unloading port. This method has been verified in the paper box. The results show that the dual-camera monitoring system can measure the volume of the grain truck in real-time, and feedback on the total amount of grain loaded in the grain truck in time, which can effectively avoid grain loss caused by excessive loading.