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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the anisotropy parameters are helpful in the detection and discrimination of breast cancers, and to determine its value in predicting the risk of cancers.Material/MethodsThere were 56 patients with 56 lesions (34 malignant, 22 benign) included in the study. DTI was performed in every patient and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), and eigenvalues E1, E2, and E3 were measured in every lesion and the normal breast tissue.ResultsADC, FA, and eigenvalues of E1, E2, E3, and E1–E3 in breast cancers were all significantly lower than in normal tissue (P<0.001 for all) with mean reduction of (32±17)%, (24±13)%, (33±19)%, (32±17)%, (31±18)%, and (37±20)% for ADC, FA, E1, E2, E3, and E1–E3, respectively. These parameters were also statistically lower in cancers than in benign lesions (P<0.01 for all), except FA (P>0.05). ADC, E1, E2, and E3 were very similar in discriminating breast cancers and benign lesions, with area under the curve (AUC) 0.885–0.898, sensitivity 73.5–85.3%, and specificity 90.9–100%.ConclusionsADC, E1, E2, E3, and E1–E3 are much lower in breast cancers than in normal tissue and benign lesions. The reduction of ADC, E1, E2, E3, and E1–E3 of a mass in the breast is highly associated with the risk of breast cancer, but the FA has no utility in breast cancer risk prediction.

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2020) Influence of astragaloside IV on pharmacokinetics of triptolide in rats and its potential mechanism, Pharmaceutical Biology, 58:1, 253-256, ABSTRACTContext: It is common to combine two or more drugs in clinics in China. Triptolide (TP) has been used primarily for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has been applied with many other drugs, due to its various pharmacological effects. AS-IV and TP can be used together for the treatment of diseases in clinics in China.Objective: This study investigates the effects of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on the pharmacokinetics of TP in rats and its potential mechanism. Materials and methods: The pharmacokinetics of orally administered triptolide (2 mg/kg) with or without AS-IV pre-treatment (100 mg/kg/day for 7 d) were investigated. Additionally, the effects of AS-IV on the transport of triptolide were investigated using the Caco-2 cell transwell model. Results: The results indicated that when the rats were pre-treated with AS-IV, the C max of triptolide decreased from 418.78 ± 29.36 to 351.31 ± 38.88 ng/mL, and the AUC 0-t decreased from 358.83 ± 19.56 to 252.23 ± 15.75 lg/h/L. The Caco-2 cell transwell experiments indicated that AS-IV could increase the efflux ratio of TP from 2.37 to 2.91 through inducing the activity of P-gp. Discussion and conclusions: In conclusion, AS-IV could decrease the system exposure of triptolide when they are co-administered, and it might work through decreasing the absorption of triptolide by inducing the activity of P-gp. ARTICLE HISTORY