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With the aim of characterizing the active ingredients lupenone and β-sitosterol in Rhizoma Musae samples a reversed-phase HPLC method for the separation of these two compounds in Rhizoma Musae samples was developed (regression coefficient > 0.9996). The method was further applied to quantify lupenone and β-sitosterol content in Rhizoma Musae samples cultured in different growth environments. Different variables such as geographical location, growth stage, and harvest time, demonstrated differential effects on lupenone and β-sitosterol levels. Moreover, we determined the optimum conditions for cultivation and harvesting of Rhizoma Musae herbs. Lupenone administration caused a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in diabetic rats at doses of 1.78, 5.33, and 16.00 mg·kg for 14 days, the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of diabetic rats also significantly reduced at doses of 5.33, and 16.00 mg·kg, indicating a robust antidiabetic activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an optimized HPLC method successfully applied to quantify lupenone and β-sitosterol, and its applicability in optimizing Rhizoma Musae growth. Animal experiments also showed for the first time that lupenone from Rhizoma Musae has anti-diabetic activity.

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Abstract. Previous studies have found that banana flowers, leaves, pseudostems, roots, infructescence stalks, and peels (M. paradisiacal (Linn.)) have antihyperglycemic effect. The banana peel (Musa nana Lour.) might have the antihyperglycemic activity, its antihyperglycemic activity and active ingredients remain to be elucidated. In this paper, fresh banana peel was sequential extraction using solvents with decreasing polarity. Then, the ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extracts (EBP and PBP) were chosen to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. And the antihyperglycemic activity guided fractionation of compounds. The EBP displayed potent antihyperglycemic activity. lupenone and -sitosterol were separated from EBP. Animal experiments results indicated that lupenone could effective reduce blood glucose of diabetic mice. The banana peel and its ingredient lupenone showed promising antihyperglycemic activity. The banana peel could be utilized as a natural source of antihyperglycemic food, health care or drug and lupenone has potential to develop as an antihyperglycemic drug.

Aim and Objective: In ancient China, rice bran was used to treat diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The aim of this paper is to explore the active compounds and underlying mechanism of rice bran petroleum ether extracts (RBPE) against diabetes using network pharmacology. Materials and Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometeranalysis was performed to identify the chemical composition in RBPE. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, Swiss Target Prediction database, BATMAN-TCM, comprehensive database of human genes and gene phenotypes, therapeutic target database, DurgBank and GeneCards database were used to screen targets. The "component-target-disease" interactive network was constructed by Cytoscape software. Gene ontology and pathways related to the targets were analyzed by ClueGO and core targets were screened by the MCODE, and Autodock vina was used for molecular docking. Results: The compounds with a percentage greater than 1.0% was selected for subsequent analysis. The RBPE contains oleic acid, (E)-9-Octadecenoic acid ethyl ester, and other chemical components that can regulate insulin, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3, epidermal growth factor receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, and other genes, which were mainly related to Pathways in cancer, Human cytomegalovirus infection and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, etc. The affinity of the core compounds and the corresponding protein of the gene targets was good. Conclusion: The results of network pharmacology analysis indicate that the RBPE has multiple anti-diabetic ingredients, and RBPE exert anti-diabetic activity through multiple targets and signaling pathways. Present study can provide a scientific basis for further elucidating the mechanism of RBPE against diabetes.