Solar‐driven water splitting is a promising way to produce renewable hydrogen. The design of efficient semiconductor photocatalysts plays a vital role in this process. The recent dynamic development of metal–organic framework (MOF) materials provides a good opportunity to design efficient composite photocatalysts toward solar water splitting. Herein, a critical review of the design and development of MOF/semiconductor composite photocatalysts for solar‐driven water splitting is presented. The designing strategies of MOF‐based composite photocatalysts, including the use of organic ligands, quantum dots and carbon‐based materials to form heterostructures, and the combination of MOF layers with semiconductors to fabricate thin‐film photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting, are introduced. The remaining challenges and future perspectives of the MOF‐based composites with the hope of achieving improved solar water splitting are also discussed.

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