A rapid and facile gaseous anion-exchange reaction between CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals and HCl vapor was carried out under the ambient conditions.

ABSTRACT:Glabridin is a major constituent of the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, which is commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases. This study aimed to investigate the role of P-glycoprotein (PgP/MDR1) in the intestinal absorption of glabridin. The systemic bioavailability of glabridin was approximately 7.5% in rats, but increased when combined with verapamil. In single-pass perfused rat ileum with mesenteric vein cannulation, the permeability coefficient of glabridin based on drug disappearance in luminal perfusates (P lumen ) was approximately 7-fold higher than that based on drug appearance in the blood (P blood ). There is an increasing consumption of herbal medicines in recent years in Asian and Western countries. Their incorporation into the medical care system has been encouraged by the World Health Organization despite the lack of evidence for the efficacy of most herbal drugs. Herbal medicines are usually orally administered with longterm regimens. However, the nature of intestinal absorption of the major ingredients of most herbal medicines is unknown, probably because of a lack of sensitive analytical methods, difficulties in the choice of marker components, and difficulties in the establishment and validation of efficient study models. The widely used traditional Chinese medicine, the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), is one of the most commonly used herbal medicines in the world because of its exceptional pharmacological properties recognized by traditional Chinese medicine (Zhu, 1998). Licorice has been used as antidotes,We appreciate the financial support provided by the Australian Institute of Chinese Medicine (Grants R-106-00257 and R-106-00282).J.C., X.C., and J.L. contributed equally to this work. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://dmd.aspetjournals.org. doi:10.1124/dmd.106.010801. ABBREVIATIONS:PgP, P-glycoprotein; MDR, multidrug resistance; MRP, multidrug resistance-associated protein; MDCK, Madin-Darby canine kidney; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; HBSS, Hanks' balanced salt solution; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; UDPGA, uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid; 711),vinyl]phenyl]-(2-dimethylcarbamoylethylsulfanyl)methylsulfanyl] propionic acid; LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazonium bromide; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; IS, internal standard; TEER, transepithelial electric resistance; AP, apical; BL, basolateral; t 1/2␤ , elimination half-life; ABC, ATP-binding cassette; AUC, area under the plasma concentration-time curve; C max , maximum plasma concentration; CL, clearance; V d , volume of distribution; F, systemic bioavailability; P lumen , permeability calculated based on the disappearance of the drug from the intestinal lumen; P blood , permeability calculated based on appearance of the drug in the blood; P app , apparent permeability coefficient; K m , Michaelis-Menten

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) as an exothermic process is a promising method to produce propene (C 3 H 6 ) with lower energy consumption in chemical industry. However, the selectivity of the C 3 H 6 product is always poor because of overoxidation. Herein, the ODHP reaction into C 3 H 6 on a model rutile(R)-TiO 2 (110) surface at low temperature via photocatalysis has been realized successfully. The results illustrate that photocatalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (C 3 H 8 ) into C 3 H 6 can occur efficiently on R-TiO 2 (110) at 90 K via a stepwise manner, in which the initial C−H cleavage occurs via the hole coupled C−H bond cleavage pathway followed by a radical mediated C−H cleavage to the C 3 H 6 product. An exceptional selectivity of ∼90% for C 3 H 6 production is achieved at about 13% propane conversion. The mechanistic model constructed in this study not only advances our understanding of C−H bond activation but also provides a new pathway for highly selective ODHP into C 3 H 6 under mild conditions.

The direct dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons to olefins under mild conditions is an atom-economical but challenging route. Here, we have investigated photocatalytic ethylbenzene dehydrogenation into styrene on rutile­(R)-TiO2(110) using the temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) method. The results demonstrate that photocatalytic ethylbenzene dehydrogenation into styrene occurs on R-TiO2(110) in a stepwise manner, in which the initial α-C–H bond cleavage occurs facilely under UV irradiation via a possible homolytic hydrogen atom transfer process and then is followed by the second C–H bond cleavage induced by either photocatalysis at ∼120 K or thermocatalysis at >400 K. With preadsorbed oxygen atoms to eliminate hydrogen atoms from ethylbenzene dehydrogenation and excess electrons on the surface, the yield of styrene is largely enhanced by about 4 times. The results not only demonstrate a photocatalytic route for ethylbenzene dehydrogenation into styrene on R-TiO2(110) but also advance our understanding of the photocatalytic activation of the saturated C–H bond with TiO2.

High quality gallium oxide (Ga2O3) thin films are deposited by remote plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (RPEALD) with trimethylgallium (TMG) and oxygen plasma as precursors. By introducing in-situ NH3 plasma pretreatment on the substrates, the deposition rate of Ga2O3 films on Si and GaN are remarkably enhanced, reached to 0.53 and 0.46 Å/cycle at 250 °C, respectively. The increasing of deposition rate is attributed to more hydroxyls (–OH) generated on the substrate surfaces after NH3 pretreatment, which has no effect on the stoichiometry and surface morphology of the oxide films, but only modifies the surface states of substrates by enhancing reactive site density. Ga2O3 film deposited on GaN wafer is crystallized at 250 °C, with an epitaxial interface between Ga2O3 and GaN clearly observed. This is potentially very important for reducing the interface state density through high quality passivation.