Proteome patterns in peach fruit (Prunus persica L.) stored at different low temperatures were examined in order to gain a better understanding why peach fruit is less prone to chilling injury when stored at 0 degrees C than at 5 degrees C. Some differently expressed proteins in peach fruit stored at 0 and 5 degrees C were identified using electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Among these proteins, four membrane stability related proteins, i.e., enolase, temperature-induced lipocalin, major allergen Pru p 1, and type II SK2 dehydrin were enhanced, but three proteins related to phenolic compounds metabolization, cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase 5, cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase 1, and chorismate mutase, were repressed in peach fruit at 0 degrees C as compared to that at 5 degrees C. The abundance of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, and NADP-dependent malic enzyme, which catalyze the reactions during sugar metabolism and energy pathways, was found to decrease in peach fruit stored at 0 degrees C. In addition, our data revealed that low temperature of 0 degrees C might regulate the endogenous H(2)O(2) level, resulting in activating the transcriptional level of genes encoding the proteins related to membrane stability. These results provide a comprehensive knowledge to understand the mechanisms by which peach fruit stored at 0 degrees C showed a higher chilling tolerance than that at 5 degrees C.

Keywords: Rare-isotope beam, Fragment separator, 300 MeV/nucleon PACS numbers:More than 99% of the mass in the visible universethe material that makes up ourselves, our planet, stars -is in the atomic nucleus. Although the matter has existed for billions of years, only over the past few decades have we had the tools and the knowledge necessary to get a basic understanding of the structure and dynamic of nuclei. Nuclear physicists around the world have made tremendous strides by initiating a broad range of key questions that can be best attacked with various experimental probes at different beam energies. Moreover, through these efforts, we have gained access to the origin of elements and the nucleosynthesis processes that were and still are shaping the world we are living in.The energy region at around 300 MeV gives rise to the so-called energy window for nuclear structure studies. At this energy range, the distortion effects on the projectile wave functions are relatively small due to the weak strength of the scalar-isoscalar interaction, which further suppresses the multistep processes in the nuclear reaction mechanism. This brings advantages in studying nuclear spin and isospin excitations [1] and nucleon density distribution of very exotic nuclei characterized by short lifetimes and very different isospins from the stable ones [2,3]. Quantitive investigations in the two topics can yield precision information on the weak interaction processes and on how protons and neutrons are distributed in atomic nuclei. They play important roles not only in nuclear physics but also in astrophysics for stellar events such as supernovae explosions.Experimentally, such investigations are closely linked to the availability of separators and spectrometers to select and identify the rare isotopes of interest at relativistic energies of around 300 MeV/nucleon (about 65% of the speed of light). Among all the separators operating at energies more than300 MeV/nucleon worldwide, the Second Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL2), one of the key components in the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL-CSR) [4] at IMP, China, is unique to have an asymmetric double achromatic configuration.RIBLL2 was constructed in 2007 connecting the synchrotron cooler storage main ring (CSRm) and the experimental storage ring (CSRe) in the HIRFL-CSR complex. It has been utilized to deliver radioactive isotopes into the CSRe for mass measurements [5]. Yet its full potential as an individual experimental terminal has not been explored. The schematic layout of RIBLL2 and external target facility (ETF) is shown in Fig. 1(a).RIBLL2 has four independent sections, each consisting of a 25• dipole magnet and a set of quadrupole magnets before and after the dipole to fulfill first-order focusing conditions. Additional 8 hexapole and 4 octupole magnets are equipped for higher-order corrections. The whole separator is about 55 meters long, while the first half (F0-F2) and the second half (F2-F4) are about 26 and 29 meters, respectively. Shown in Fig...

A new heavy-ion linac within a continuous-wave (CW) 4-rod radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) was designed and constructed as the injector for the separated-sector cyclotron (SSC) at the Heavy Ion Research Facility at Lanzhou (HIRFL). In this paper, we present the development of and the beam commissioning results for the 53.667 MHz CW RFQ. In the beam dynamics design, the transverse phase advance at zero current, σ 0⊥ , is maintained at a relatively high level compared with the longitudinal phase advance (σ 0∥) to avoid parametric resonance. A quasi-equipartitioning design strategy was applied to control the emittance growth and beam loss. The installation error of the electrodes was checked using a FARO 3D measurement arm during the manufacturing procedure. This method represents a new approach to measuring the position shifts of electrodes in a laboratory environment and provides information regarding the manufacturing quality. The experimental results of rf measurements exhibited general agreement with the simulation results obtained using CST code. During on-line beam testing of the RFQ, two kinds of ion beams (40 Ar 8þ and 16 O 5þ) were transported and accelerated to 142.8 keV=u, respectively. These results demonstrate that the SSC-Linac has made a significant progress. And the design scheme and technology experiences developed in this work can be applied to other future CW RFQs.