Background: In citrus, genetic improvement via biotechnology is hindered by the obstacle of in vitro regeneration via somatic embryogenesis (SE). Although a few B3 transcription factors are reported to regulate embryogenesis, little is known about the B3 superfamily in citrus, and which members might be involved in SE. Results: Genome-wide sequence analysis identified 72 (CsB3) and 69 (CgB3) putative B3 superfamily members in the genomes of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis, polyembryonic) and pummelo (C. grandis, monoembryonic), respectively. Genome duplication analysis indicated that segmental and tandem duplication events contributed to the expansion of the B3 superfamily in citrus, and that the B3 superfamily evolved under the effect of purifying selection. Phylogenetic relationships were well supported by conserved gene structure and motifs outside the B3 domain, which allowed possible functions to be inferred by comparison with homologous genes from Arabidopsis. Expression analysis identified 23 B3 superfamily members that were expressed during SE in citrus and 17 that may play functional roles at late SE stages. Eight B3 genes were identified that were specific to the genome of polyembryonic sweet orange compared to monoembryonic pummelo. Of these eight B3 genes, CsARF19 was found to be specifically expressed at higher levels in embryogenic callus (EC), implying its possible involvement in EC initiation. Conclusions: This study provides a genome-wide analysis of the citrus B3 superfamily, including its genome organization, evolutionary features and expression profiles, and identifies specific family members that may be associated with SE.

Well-aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated from anodization by a subsequent heat treatment. Rate performance and electrochemical properties of TiO2 nanotube arrays were studied intensively. The electrode exhibits excellent rate capabilities at various rates with an average coulombic efficiency reaching 95.6%. It is obvious that TiO2 nanotube array possesses high rate capability and excellent cycling stability.

In this letter, a comprehensive investigation has been conducted on the optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM) phenomena manifested by transmitted light in a ring cavity consisting of a hybrid system of metal nanoparticle (MNP) and semiconductor quantum dot (SQD). Our study has been primarily devoted to examining the influence of the distance between SQD and MNP, as well as the susceptibilities of the SQD, the MNP, and the hybrid nanostructure as a whole, on the OB and OM traits of the transmitted light. Our discoveries demonstrate that a transition from OB to OM, or vice versa, can be accomplished for a definite distance between MNP and QD. It is our contention that our proposed model may have potential applications in the domain of quantum information processes based on SQD-MNP hybrid systems.

N-doped TiO2 nanostructured composite (TiO2-N) films with excellent photocatalytic performance under visible light were successfully formed on glass and stainless steel substrates by spin-coating process. The photoreduction performance of as-prepared coatings was characterization by reduction of Ag+ and measurement of photovoltaic response. It was found that Ag+ can be easily reduced to metallic Ag and obvious photocurrent and photovoltage were observed by V-I recording under visible light irradiation. Crystalline structure, nitrogen states in the lattice, composition and surface morphology of the nanostructured films were analyzed by XRD, XPS and SEM.

There are three modes of reactive compensation. Analysis on the present situation of oilfield distribution, the on-spot mode is adopted in this paper. An approach for 10kV lines reactive power compensators of oil field distribution networks is put forward. At the same time, combined with the concentrated compensation and grouping compensation, the total number of capacitors and the investment are calculated. The feasibility of the proposed method is showed by the results of an example. the power factor is improved, the quality and reliability are also mended.