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Ta‐Hf‐C ternary ceramics are good candidates for structural components used in extreme thermal environment. However, intrinsic brittleness greatly restricts their applications in reality. Here, we report a novel TaHfC2‐based composite with superior strength and toughness by employing Ta foil as interlayers to generate a multi‐scale laminated structure together with the in situ formed Ta2C MXene during sintering. Owing to the unique composition and microstructure, the tensile strength, shear strength, fracture toughness (KIC), and work of fracture of Ta/TaHfC2 have reached 233 ± 12 MPa, 64 ± 6 MPa, 13.16 ± 0.03 MPa·m1/2, and 1726 ± 448 J/m2 simultaneously, and all showed substantial increments when compared with TaHfC2 monolithic ceramic and related Ta‐Hf‐C materials as showed in literatures. This study significantly improved the toughness of TaHfC2, and it provides a new high‐performance thermal structural material for the aerospace industry as well as a new idea for toughening ultra‐high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) of transition metal carbides.