In this study of healthy young participants choroidal thickness was 18% higher in men than in women when adjusting for age and axial length. This observation may help explain the effect of sex in conditions related to choroidal thickness such as myopia, central serous chorioretinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration.

Choroidal thickness in girls increased with body height and sexual maturation. The results suggest that puberty promotes choroidal thickening in girls, an effect that may be mediated by the pubertal growth spurt. The lack of pubertal effect in boys may be related to a smaller proportion of boys in this study having entered puberty.

The prevalence of ODD was 1% in a large child cohort examined by OCT. ODD was found only in eyes with a narrow scleral canal, which is consistent with the hypothesis that ODD might arise as a consequence of retinal nerve fiber congestion in the scleral canal.