The aim of this study was to use whole‐exome sequencing to derive a molecular classifier for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and evaluate its clinical performance. We performed whole‐exome sequencing on 82 primary NPC tumors from Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center (Guangzhou cohort) to obtain somatic single‐nucleotide variants, indels, and copy number variants. A novel molecular classifier was then developed and validated in another NPC cohort (Hong Kong cohort, n = 99). Survival analysis was estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared using the log‐rank test. Cox proportional hazards model was adopted for univariate and multivariate analyses. We identified three prominent NPC genetic subtypes: RAS/PI3K/AKT (based on RAS, AKT1, and PIK3CA mutations), cell‐cycle (based on CDKN2A/CDKN2B deletions, and CDKN1B and CCND1 amplifications), and unclassified (based on dominant mutations in epigenetic regulators, such as KMT2C/2D, or the Notch signaling pathway, such as NOTCH1/2). These subtypes differed in survival analysis, with good, intermediate, and poor progression‐free survival in the unclassified, cell‐cycle, and RAS/PI3K/AKT subgroups, respectively, among the Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and combined cohorts (n = 82, P = 0.0342; n = 99, P = 0.0372; and n = 181, P = 0.0023; log‐rank test). We have uncovered genetic subtypes of NPC with distinct mutations and/or copy number changes, reflecting discrete paths of NPC tumorigenesis and providing a roadmap for developing new prognostic biomarkers and targeted therapies.
Abstract. Gestational trophoblastic disease with a primary extra-uterine nidus is rare, particularly during the postmenopausal period. The present report outlines a case of high-risk choriocarcinoma (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IV; World Health Organization score 13) in a 68-year-old female exhibiting neoplasm. The choriocarcinoma developed 20 years subsequent to the onset of menopause and 42 years following the patient's final pregnancy, and was associated with multiple metastases to the lungs, skull, neck, lymph nodes and skin. The patient was administered two courses of systemic chemotherapy with tegafur (800 mg) and actinomycin D (200 µg). Local chemotherapy was also administered to the scalp and left flank masses; the masses were injected first with methotrexate, and then with 5-fluorouracil. During chemotherapy, the patient's levels of β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-HCG) decreased from 3,171 IU/l to 1,763 IU/l, however by the conclusion of the courses of systemic and local chemotherapy, β-HCG levels had increased to 3,704 IU/l. The patient and their family subsequently elected to end treatment. The patient subsequently succumbed to infection, tumor consumption and organ insufficiency. This study describes the clinical and radiological features, as well as the treatment used for this rare type of choriocarcinoma.
Hydrogen is an ideal new energy in view of its merits of high valueadded, eco-friendliness and renewability, attracting extensive attentions in energy field. [3] In recent years, solar-to-fuel conversion has been highly investigated and is identified as a promising strategy for hydrogen production. [4] However, undesirable conversion efficiency dramatically hinders its practical application. To address this challenge, extensive works have been devoted to exploit highly efficient photocatalysts for solar-driven hydrogen production. For instance, Song et al. reported a semiconductive organolead iodide layered crystalline material for improved photocatalytic water splitting performance, [5] and An et al. developed a self-supporting 3D carbon nitrides with broadened light harvesting and promoted carriers separation for improved photoactivity. [6] Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have become a kind of potential photocatalytic materials due to their merits of broadband light harvesting and low work function. [7] However, their microstructure is very easy to be photocorroded due to unstable chemical state of sulfur atoms, leading to the unstable photoactivity during the actual operation. [8] Among the TMSs, antimony sulfide (Sb 2 S 3 ), a typical 3D V-VI semiconductor with prominent structural stability, is widely applied in the fields of photovoltaic device, battery material, and electrocatalysis in view of its merits of nontoxicity, low cost, good lightharvesting, rich-reserves, and easy to preparation. [9] However, Sb 2 S 3 easily grows into large-size structure in synthetic process, so that body-to-surface carriers' migration takes longer, which dramatically hinders its application in photocatalysis field. To address this critical issue, Cao et al. supported Ag NPs on hollow Sb 2 S 3 microspheres to construct metal-semiconductor nanostructures, [10] Zhang et al. constructed a WO 3 /Sb 2 S 3 heterojunction, [11] Du et al. deposited Sb 2 S 3 on Mo-doped WO 3 films, [12] and Wang et al. synthesized a Sb 2 S 3 /g-C 3 N 4 heterostructure. [13] Obviously, the formation of built-in electric field can effectively promote the photocarriers' migration in body structure, achieving highly improved photoactivity.Differently from Sb 2 S 3 , molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), a typical 2D layered TMS semiconductor, is widely used to prepare photocatalysts with high-performance by serving as main catalyst or cocatalyst due to its excellent light-harvesting, easy body-to-surface photocarriers' migration, and abundant Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have been widely used as photocatalytic materials in view of the merits of broadband light harvesting and low work function. However, the photocorrosion generally leads to the unstable photoactivity. Antimony sulfide (Sb 2 S 3 ) is a TMS semiconductor with prominent structural stability due to its large-size microstructure. However, the slow body-to-surface carriers' migration dramatically hinders its application in photocatalysis field. Herein, to gain a stable TMS-based photocatalyst ...
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