Background This study aimed to identify factors associated with risk sexual behaviours and target high-risk groups at risk of HIV/STDs infection among university students. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 November to 31 December 2020 in one university, located in Henan Province. A total of 1602 individuals who reported having ever had sex were analyzed as the subjects of this study. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were applied for this study to assess factors associated with risk sexual behaviours among university students. Results University students who reported having ever had sex accounted for about 9%, with an average age of 19.37 ± 1.03. Of them, having multiple sexual partners and inconsistent condom use during the last 6 months were 37.3% and 35%, respectively. Over 50% of participants had their sexual debut before the age of 18. Bisexual students (AOR = 0.27; 95% CI 0.16, 0.44) and those who lived on over 3000 Yuan per month (AOR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.28, 0.91) were consistently less likely to engage in condom use during the last 6 months. University students who were from high-grade (AOR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.12, 2.18 for sophomore; AOR = 1.84; 95% CI 1.28, 2.65 for junior; AOR = 2.07; 95% CI 1.38, 3.11 for senior), who lived on over 3,000 Yuan per month (AOR = 4.19; 95% CI 2.17, 8.11) or who reported being homosexual (AOR = 3.92; 95% CI 2.17, 7.06) and bisexual (AOR = 33.22; 95% CI 13.11, 84.15) were more likely to have multiple sexual relationships. University students who had sexual debut before the age of 18 were more likely to engage in risk sexual behaviours. Conclusions The prevalence of sexual activity among Chinese university students is generally low, but risk sexual behaviours are of considerable concern. University students with higher living expenses, who are not heterosexual and who are younger at first sexual intercourse tend to engage in risk sexual behaviours. The scale-up of intervention is the need to prevent the expansion of the HIV epidemic among young students.

In recent years, adolescent has become one of the high-risk groups for HIV. Meanwhile, good HIV awareness and positive attitude are essential for HIV prevention. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which college students understand HIV and their attitudes toward HIV-infected patients, as well as the correlative factors. The data used in this study came from a cross-sectional survey. An anonymous online questionnaire was used to investigate the demographic characteristics, HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, and attitudes toward HIV-infected patients of 17,678 students from a university in Henan. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze differences and connections between variables in SPSS version 25.0. Participants' HIV/AIDS-related knowledge awareness rate was 80.8%. Levels of students' HIV/AIDS-related knowledge correlated with their gender, nationality, marital status, and their grade (p < 0.01). Female students [OR = 0.757, 95% CI (0.699–0.820)] and minority students (OR = 0.717, 95% CI (0.619–0.832)] had insufficient HIV health education knowledge. Meanwhile, male students (OR = 0.845, 95% CI (0.773–0.924)], and students with good HIV knowledge (OR unaware-ness/awareness = 2.385, 95% CI (2.111–2.694)] were more likely to hold a positive attitude toward HIV-infected patients. The relevant education departments should strengthen and promote the education of AIDS transmission and prevention. Many college students still hold negative attitude toward HIV-infected patients. The government should further make efforts to eliminate social discrimination in HIV-infected patients and lead people to approach HIV-infected patients fairly.

This study aimed to explore the risk factors of bone mineral density (BMD) in American residents and further analyse the extent of effects, to provide preventive guidance for maintenance of bone health. A cross-sectional study analysis was carried out in this study, of which data validity was identified and ethics approval was exempted based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Candidates’ demographics, physical examination, laboratory indicators and part of questionnaire information were collected and merged from NHANES in 2015–2016 and 2017–2018. The least absolute shrinkage selection operator (lasso) was used to select initial variables with “glmnet” package of R, quantile regression model to analyze influence factors of BMD and their effects in different sites with “qreg” code in Stata. Among 2937 candidates, 17 covariates were selected by lasso regression (λ = 0.00032) in left arm BMD, with 16 covariates in left leg BMD (λ = 0.00052) and 14 covariates in total BMD (λ = 0.00065). Quantile regression results displayed several factors with different coefficients in separate sites and quantiles: gender, age, educational status, race, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), lead, manganese, ethyl mercury, smoking, alcohol use and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05). We constructed robust regression models to conclude that some demographic characteristics, nutritional factors (especially lipid levels, heavy metals) and unhealthy behaviors affected BMD in varying degrees. Gender and race differences, Low-fat food intake and low exposure to heavy metals (mostly lead, manganese and mercury) should be considered by both clinical doctors and people. There is still no consensus on the impact of smoking and alcohol use on bone mineral density in our study.

No abstract

Background: The density of snails among schistosomiasis hosts has been kept at a low level and even disappeared in many places in Wuhan. However, from the beginning of the epidemic to the lifting of the seal in Wuhan, which the work of snail detection and extermination has been at a standstill. In order to analyze the potential harm of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on urban schistosomiasis transmission, we investigated the density of snails in the Jiangan and Hongshan districts of Wuhan, which evaluated the possibility of schistosomiasis outbreak in Wuhan city. Methods The density and infection status of snails were monitored by GPS satellite, which the risk value was calculated by adjusting Kaiser model. SigmaPlot was used to draw a three-dimensional risk matrix. Results (i)The living snail frame occurrence rate was 1.48% and the average living snail density was 0.054/0.11 m2 in 2020. Compared with that in 2019, the area of existing snails Tianxingzhou increased greatly. The area of historical snails was 24187 m2 has increased which the average density of living snails was 0.019/0.11 m2. No infectious snails were found in the survey area. (ii) Experts have high enthusiasm (E = 100%). The authority of experts on the indicators of possibility, harmfulness and uncontrollability is 0.842, 0.870 and 0.866 respectively, all greater than 0.7, indicating that expert evaluation is authoritative. After adjusting the Kaiser model, the top three risk values were the north bank of Tianxingzhou, Tianxingzhou as a whole, and Hongshan as a whole. The existing snail sites in the north bank of Tianxingzhou had the highest risk value and ranked the second Pak sha Chau. The highest risk value was found in the historical snail village of Yangsiji village. The risk events on the north bank of Tianxingzhou are located in the orange zone, which belongs to the high-risk area. The whole Hongshan District, the existing snail Tianxingzhou and the tail of Tianxingzhou are located in the yellow zone, belonging to the moderate risk area. Other risk events are located in the blue or green zones and are in the low risk or negligible sub-zone. (iii)The three dimensional risk matrix shows that the potential risk level of the existing snail spot and the possibility of risk occurrence of Tianxingzhou is high. The existing snail points on the Pak sha Chau, indicating the severity of the risk event; Historical snails, indicating the unpredictability of risk events once they occur. The emergency monitoring points show that once the risk event occurs, the level of uncontrollability rises instantly. The whole Hongshan district indicates the severity of the occurrence of the risk event. Conclusion Under the influence of Covid-19 epidemic, the risk of schistosomiasis infection was high and the historical snail snail appeared again in Wuhan. Therefore, the prevention and control work of schistosomiasis infection should be strengthened in Wuhan.