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SummaryThis paper establishes a probabilistic scenario-based framework for the stochastic dynamic economic emission dispatch with unit commitment (SDEED-UC) problem, taking into account wind power uncertainty. To solve the stochastic UC problem, this paper presents a probabilistic scenario analysis approach to find the unit scheduling solution considering all the original scenarios under a predetermined probability level. And a reduced scenario set can be obtained by the simultaneous backward method. Consequently, the SDEED problem is decomposed into a number of deterministic multiobjective dispatch problems. For each scenario, an enhanced multiobjective particle swarm optimization (EMOPSO) algorithm integrated with the handling strategy for system operation constraints is proposed to produce the Pareto optimal solutions. Furthermore, the available reserve capacity by the UC solution is verified. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed probabilistic scenario-based and EMOPSO approach is practicable for solving SDEED-UC from the perspectives of system operation economy, emission, and reliability simultaneously.

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DC fault protection is a major issue in multiterminal high-voltage DC current transmission systems. Most studies have focused on primary protection, which considers a different theory. However, the poor sensitivity of primary protection under high-resistance fault and maloperation still affect the protection feasibility to a certain extent. Thus, backup protection is definitely required to enhance the stability of an entire system considering the limit in primary protection. This paper proposes a backup-protection strategy based on wavelet-packet-energy entropy as mitigation for primary protection. The pole-to-ground (PG) fault with high resistance is highlighted because detecting the fault transient of PG fault with high resistance is difficult in the most primary relay. Fault detection and classification are achieved using the proposed backup-protection method based on theoretical study and simulation verification. The proposed method also presents the expected robustness of fault resistance, fault distance, and different operating conditions. INDEX TERMS Backup protection, DC faults, MMC-HVDC, wavelet-packet-energy entropy.

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