Design and fabrication of remote‐controllable micromachines by femtosecond laser‐induced two‐photon polymerization (TPP) of novel ferrofluids resin composed of methacrylate groups modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles and photoresists is demonstrated. As two typical models, a micro‐spring and a micro‐turbine were successfully fabricated for precise motion control. The development of remotely controllable micro‐nanomachines would shorten the distance between actionless micro‐nanostructures and smart microrobots.
A family of donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D)
type near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores containing rigid nonplanar conjugated
tetraphenylethene (TPE) moieties was designed and synthesized through
Stille coupling reactions with electron-deficient [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline
(QTD) or benzo[1,2-c;4,5-c′]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole (BBTD) as
acceptors. The absorption, fluorescence, and electrochemical properties
were studied. These compounds exhibited good aggregation-induced emission
enhancement (AIEE) property, as a result of the twisted TPE units,
which restrict the intramolecular rotation and reduce the π–π
stacking. Photoluminescence of these chromophores ranges from 600
to 1100 nm, and their HOMO–LUMO gaps are between 1.85 and 1.50
eV. Non-doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on these
fluorophores were made and exhibited EL emission spectra peaking from
706 to 864 nm. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of these devices
ranged from 0.89% to 0.20% and remained fairly constant over a range
of current density of 100–300 mA cm–2. The
device with the highest solid fluorescence efficiency emitter 1a shows the best performance with a maximum radiance of 2917
mW Sr–1 m–2 and EQE of 0.89%.
A contrast between nondoped and doped OLEDs with these materials confirms
that AIEE compounds are suitable for fabricate efficient nondoped
NIR OLEDs.
Exciton quenching dynamics has been systematically studied in pristine P3HT and nano phase separated P3HT/PCBM blend films under various excitation intensities by femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion technique. The behaviors of excitons in the films can be well described by a three-dimensional diffusion model. The small diffusion length and large charge transfer radius indicate that excitons reach the interface most likely by the delocalization of the excitons in P3HT fibrillar at a range of 4.8-9 nm so that the excitons can quickly delocalize in the P3HT domain to reach the interface (instead of by diffusion).
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