A mesoporous material (DMOS), prepared by grafting polydopamine onto meso-structured silica (MOS), was developed as a sorbent to sequestrate Cd2+.

Targeting mitochondria has always been a challenging goal for therapeutic nanoparticle agents due to their heterotypic features and size, which usually lead to a lysosome/endosome endocytosis pathway. To overcome this limitation, in this work, a portfolio targeting strategy combining a small targeting molecule with a biomembrane was developed. Modification of small targeting molecule H 2 N-TPP on gold nanoparticles (GNPs) could not only facilitate the mitochondrial targeting but could also induce gold nanoparticle assembly. Therefore, the GNPs were endowed with good absorption and photothermal conversion abilities in the near-infrared (NIR) region. Meanwhile, a biomimetic strategy was adopted by wrapping the gold nanoparticle assembly (GNA) with cancer cell membranes (CCMs), which helped the GNA enter the prostatic cancer cell via a homotypic membranefusion process to avoid being trapped in endosomes/lysosomes. Thereafter, the GNA remaining in the cytoplasm could reach mitochondria more efficiently via guidance from H 2 N-TPP molecules. This "biomembrane−small molecule" combination targeting process was evidenced by fluorescence microscopy, and the highly efficient photothermal ablation of prostatic tumors in vivo was demonstrated. This portfolio targeting strategy could be extended to various nanodrugs/agents to realize an accurate subcellular targeting efficiency for cancer treatments or cell detections.

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