To study the influence of earthquakes and engineering disturbances on the deformation of deeply buried rock masses, shear tests were carried out on anchored sandstone rock masses, anchored marble rock masses, and anchored granite rock masses under creep fatigue loading, and a new creep fatigue model was established to characterize the deformation characteristics of anchored rock masses under creep fatigue loading. The creep fatigue curves of different lithologies clearly show three stages: creep attenuation, steady-state creep, and accelerated creep. Fatigue loading can increase the creep of anchored specimens, and the lower the rock strength is, the higher the creep variable under fatigue loading is. However, for the same rock strength, with the increase in load level, the creep variable produced by creep fatigue load presents a linear downward trend. Considering the changes in the mechanical properties of the anchored rock mass under creep fatigue loading, the creep fatigue model of anchored rock masses is established by introducing a function of the fatigue shear modulus, and the accuracy and applicability of the model are verified by laboratory creep fatigue test data. The model provides a theoretical basis for the study of anchored rock mass support under low-frequency earthquakes or blasting loads.