Objectives Unplanned readmissions severely affect a patient’s physical and mental well-being after kidney transplantation (KT), which is also independently associated with morbidity. A retrospective study was conducted to identify the incidence, causes and risk factors for unplanned readmission after KT among Chinese patients. Methods Patients who underwent KT were admitted to the organ transplant center of the Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (2017–2018). Medical records for these patients were obtained through the hospital information system (HIS). Results In 518 patients, the incidence of unplanned readmissions within 30 days ( n = 9) was 1.74%, and 90 days ( n = 64) was 12.35%. The one-year unplanned readmission rate was 22.59% ( n = 122). Overall, 122 patients were readmitted because of infection, renal events, metabolic disturbances, surgical complications, etc. Hemodialysis ( OR = 10.462, 95% CI: 1.355–80.748), peritoneal dialysis ( OR = 8.746, 95% CI: 1.074–71.238) and length of stay ( OR = 1.023, 95% CI: 1.006–1.040) were independent risk factors for unplanned readmissions. Conclusion Unplanned readmission rates increased with time after KT. Certain risk factors related to unplanned readmissions should be deeply excavated. Targeted interventions for controllable factors to alleviate the rate of unplanned readmissions should be identified.

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Background Cystatin C (Cys) is considered to be a better marker than serum creatinine in assessing kidney function, predicting cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality. It seems to be associated with nutritional status in the general population, but little is known about kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This study aimed to explore the relationship between dietary balance index and serum Cys in KTRs. Material/Methods In a cross-sectional study, 215 KTRs completed an FFQ questionnaire and information on serum Cys. Dietary intake was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary Balance Index 2016 (DBI-16) edition scores were calculated as an indicator of dietary quality. Data on the patient’s serum Cys were obtained through the hospital information system. Results The majority of KTRs were male (75.34%), 76.74% were aged 18–44 years, and 79.53% were abnormal serum Cys. Dairy (z=−2.161, P<0.05), meat (z=−2.578, P<0.05), and dietary diversity (z=−3.393, P<0.05) in the normal group were higher than those in the abnormal group, and the dietary quality distance (DQD) score ( t =−2.264, P <0.05) was lower than that in the abnormal group. After adjusting for confounders, a low-quality diet was a risk factor for maintaining the normal level of serum Cys (OR 3.022, 95% CI 1.263–7.231, P <0.05). Conclusions The present study suggested that KTRs with a high dietary quality might be associated with normal serum Cys levels. Dairy, meat, and varied diet seems to impact the serum Cys levels of KTRs. Dietary imbalances were prevalent among KTRs.

To study prescription pattern, calculate the cost of antidiabetic drugs and to evaluate the adherence to treatment guidelines in diabetic patients attending the medicine outpatient department in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 5 months. The diabetic patients who visited the medicine outdoor department were included. Demographic data and complete prescription details were recorded in the structured case record form. Cost of the drug therapy was calculated from the patient's bills. Indian Council for Medical research guidelines-2005 for diabetes management was used to evaluate the adherence. Results: A total of 250 patients were enrolled in the study with mean age 57.91 ± 9.37. Out of 250 patients 126 (50.4%) were male and rest were female. A total of 1,391 drugs were prescribed, with mean of 5.56 ± 2.52 drugs and out of which 539 drugs were antidiabetics with mean of 2.18 ± 0.96. In monotherapy, metformin was frequently 218 (40.45%) prescribed. Glimepiride and metformin was the most frequently prescribed in 119 (76.28%) out of 156 antidiabetic drug combinations. Most commonly used drugs other than antidiabetics were aspirin 146 (18.9%) and atorvastatin 119 (15.41%). Mean cost of therapy for a month for a diabetic patient was 354.60 ± 305.72 INR. Majority 209 (83.6%) of prescriptions was in accordance to guidelines. ConClusions: Metformin was the most frequently prescribed drug in the diabetes patient. Metformin and glimepiride being the most frequent combination used. Majority of the prescriptions followed standard guidelines. The cost of prescription can be reduced by choosing the most economic drugs (generic) without changing its quality.