Background Teosinte branched1/Cycloidea/Proliferating cell factor (TCP) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors, which widely involved in leaf development, flowering, shoot branching, and circadian rhythm. So far, TCP proteins function in tumorous stem mustard has not been reported. . Here we identified and characterized the entire TCP protein family members in the tumorous stem mustard. Results We identified fifty-four TCP genes in Brassica juncea var. tumida, containing thirty-three Class I subfamily members and twenty-one Class II subfamily members. Fifty-three TCP genes are distributed on 15 chromosomes. Gene structure and conserved motif analysis showed that the same clade genes have similar gene intron/exon structure and conserved motifs. Cis-acting element results showed that the same clade genes also have similar cis-element, however subtle differences also imply the different regulated pathway. More than twice paralogs genes relation to diploid species in some members imply gene duplication events in evolution. The members of BjTCP18s are low expressed in DY strains and un-swelling stage of YA strains. After treatment with GA and SA, it was detected that the expression levels of multiple TCP genes were affected by these two hormones. Conclusion In this study, we perform the first genome-wide analysis of the tumorous stem mustard TCP gene family. The results provide valuable information for understanding the classification and functions of TCP genes in tumorous stem mustard.