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The post-buckling behavior and load bearing efficiency of composite panels with three kinds of stiffeners subject to the axial compression load were investigated. The progressive damage analysis models considering the failure of fiber/matrix, debonding of adhesive interface and stiffness degradation were established. The buckling load, failure load and failure process for three types of stiffened panels were derived. The numerical results coincide with tests, and the relative errors are all less than 6%, which indicates the FEM model given in this paper is reliable and practical. Further, the load bearing efficiency of these three kinds of stiffened panels with the same weight was discussed. Results reveal that the bearing capacity and efficiency of I-shape stiffened panel is the highest, and its bearing efficiency reaches 154.5N/g. The results of the paper provide a reference for engineering application of composite stiffened structure design.