Calix[4]pyrrole-based porous organic polymers (P1-P3)f or removing organic micropollutants from water were prepared. Ab owl-shaped a,a,a,a-tetraalkynyl calix-[4]pyrrole and diketopyrrolopyrrole monomer were crosslinked via Sonogashira coupling to produce a3 Dn etwork polymer, P1. P1 proved too hydrophobic for use as an adsorbent and was converted to the corresponding neutral polymer P2 (containing carboxylic acid groups) and its anionic derivative P3 (containing carboxylate anion groups). Anionic P3 outperformed P2 in screening studies involving avariety of model organic micropollutants of different charge, hydrophilicity and functionality. P3 proved particularly effective for cationic micropollutants.T he theoretical maximum adsorption capacity (q max,e)o fP3 reached 454 mg g À1 for the dye methylene blue,344 mg g À1 for the pesticide paraquat, and 495 mg g À1 for diquat. These uptake values are significantly higher than those of most synthetic adsorbent materials reported to date.

We report a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based fluorescent probe DPP-Mito, which is low toxicity and mitochondrial-specific localization and could monitor the changes in the intracellular Zn2+ concentrations.

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The use of blenderised enteral nutrition formula (ENF) is on the increase globally. However, concerns remain regarding the microbial quality and safety of blenderised ENF compared with standard recommendations and commercial ENF. Aim: This was a systematic review which sought to compare the microbial quality of blenderised ENF and commercial ENF and to evaluate the effect of storage time on blenderised ENF. Method: Four databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, PSYCInfo and Google scholar) were searched for relevant articles based on the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes framework. Results: Eleven studies which met the criteria were included in the systematic review. Two major areas were identified; Microbial Quality of Blenderised ENF versus Commercial ENF; and The Effect of Storage Time on Microbial Quality of Blenderised ENF. Overall, 72.7% of the studies showed microbial contamination in blenderised ENF compared with 57.1% of commercial ENF, and the storage time was another important factor in the rates of contamination. The extent of handling or manipulation of the enteral formula was critical in determining the level of contamination. Conclusion: Preparation techniques for blenderised ENF need to be established and caregivers taught how to prepare and administer it appropriately in order to reduce contamination. Further, well-designed studies are required, which compare the microbial quality of blenderised ENF using adequate handling techniques and commercial ENF.

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