Abstract:The paper considers the sustainable trade credit and inventory policies with demand related to credit period and the environmental sensitivity of consumers under the carbon cap-and-trade and carbon tax regulations. First, the decision models are constructed under three cases: without regulation, carbon cap-and-trade regulation, and carbon tax regulation. The optimal solutions of the retailer in the three cases are then discussed under the exogenous and endogenous credit periods. Finally, numerical analysis is conducted to obtain conclusions. The retailer shortens the trade credit period as the environmental sensitivity of the consumer is enhanced. The cap has no effects on the credit period decisions under the carbon cap-and-trade regulation. Carbon trade price and carbon tax have negative effects on the credit period. The retailer under carbon cap-and-trade regulation is more motivated to obey regulations than that under carbon tax regulation when carbon trade price equals carbon tax. Carbon regulations have better effects on carbon emission reduction than with exogenous credit term when the retailer has the power to decide with regards credit policies.

With exquisite design and unique style, the painted sculptures of Tutang Buddha and two attendants Buddha in Jingyin Temple are precious cultural heritages of China. The sculpture of Tutang Buddha, which was carved from a mound and painted by ancient craftsmen, was rarely found in ancient China. However, due to natural and human factors, the sculptures were severely damaged. Obviously, they require urgent and appropriate protection and restoration. In this study, samples taken from the sculptures were analysed through multiple analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and granulometry. The analysis results enable us to infer the techniques used by the craftsmen in making the sculptures and provide a reliable evidence for the conservation and future protection of these and similar sculptures.

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The painted clay statues of Ming Dynasty in Grand Hall of Jingyin Temple not only boast exquisite design, unique style and complicated craftsmanship, but also have very high historical, artistic, scientific, social and cultural values. Unfortunately, damages in different forms were found since recent years and it is getting worse with the passage of time.For the reason, the comprehensive survey and scientific analysis of the statues of Ming dynasty of Jingyin Temple were conducted. In the survey, the structural features, the painting process, and historical characteristics of these statues were recorded in detail. In addition, a comprehensive study was performed on the materials and craftsmanship of the three painted clay statues by employing multiple analytical techniques, including polarized light microscope (PLM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS), Raman spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), granulometry, etc. The result helps to reveal the moulding process of painted statues, and further provide novel information and a scientific basis for the mechanism research of cultural relic deterioration and the later restoration. It is hoped that this research can provide reliable basic information for studies in related fields.