Adipocyte tissue inflammation orchestrates the occurrence and development of diseases induced by obesity. Here, the effects of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers total flavonoids (LTF) on TNF-α-induced insulin resistance (IR) and inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and underlying mechanisms were studied. Cell glucose uptake test confirmed that TNF-α could induce IR in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The sensitivity of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to insulin was increased by LTF treatment. The phosphorylation of IRS1 and Akt in TNF-α-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes was markedly restored by LTF treatment. The results revealed that interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA expression was elevated in TNF-α-administered 3T3-L1 adipocytes, whereas the mRNA expression of adiponectin (ADPN) was considerably decreased. When treated with 50 μg/mL LTF, the IL-6 and MCP-1 mRNA expression levels were drastically reduced, and the ADPN mRNA expression level was significantly raised. Moreover, the concentration of IL-6 in the supernatant of the medium was decreased after LTF treatment compared with the model group. Western blotting results showed that the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and IкB of NF-кB signaling pathway were inhibited. It suggested that LTF improves TNF-α-induced IR and inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via inhibiting MAPK and NF-кB signaling pathways.

Based on the perspective of human-environment interaction, the ecosystem service value of traditional villages in the Qinling Mountains was studied through a questionnaire and structural equation model. The results showed that: (1) Among the ecosystem service values of traditional villages, ecological value and physiological value had the most significant impact, followed by historical value, economic value, aesthetic value, and cultural value had the lowest impact. (2) The residents' value cognition and the ecosystem value factors have an interactive relationship. The improvement of human ecological consciousness promotes the coordinated development of people and the ecosystem. (3) Coordinating the ecological environment and socio-economic development, realizing the mutual growth and integration of people and nature in traditional villages, and providing a theoretical reference for the sustainable development of rural ecological patterns and rural revitalization.

This paper presents cemented carbide layer thickness optimization of a carbide anvil based on thermodynamic coupling analysis. In our method, the established carbide anvil system through SolidWorks is firstly imported into the finite element software. The temperature field and thermal-mechanical coupling field of the carbide anvil system are analyzed. From the simulation results, it can be found that the contact stress of steel ring under temperature load is increased by 17.9% compared with that without temperature load. Thus, the service life of carbide anvil under temperature load is lower than that without temperature load. In addition, the four edges of anvil are prone to fatigue cracks due to the phenomenon of shear stress concentration. This is consistent with the actual crack location of cemented carbide anvil, which verifies the accuracy and rationality of thermal-mechanical coupling simulation. The thickness of cemented carbide layer is optimized based on thermodynamic coupling. The optimization results show that the thickness of 1.8cm is the best when size ranges from 1.8cm to 2.2cm. The maximum contact stress, the maximum shear stress, the temperature are all reduced by 387.5MPa, 110.55MPa, and 10.11℃, respectively.