Two sister chromatids must be held together by a cohesion process from their synthesis during S phase to segregation in anaphase. Despite its pivotal role in accurate chromosome segregation, how cohesion is established remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that yeast Rtt101-Mms1, Cul4 family E3 ubiquitin ligases are stronger dosage suppressors of loss-of-function mutants than PCNA The essential cohesion reaction, Eco1-catalyzed Smc3 acetylation is reduced in the absence of Rtt101-Mms1. One of the adaptor subunits, Mms22, associates directly with Eco1. Point mutations (L61D/G63D) in Eco1 that abolish the interaction with Mms22 impair Smc3 acetylation. Importantly, an double mutant displays additive Smc3ac reduction. Moreover, Smc3 acetylation and cohesion defects also occur in the mutants of other replication-coupled nucleosome assembly (RCNA) factors upstream or downstream of Rtt101-Mms1, indicating unanticipated cross talk between histone modifications and cohesin acetylation. These data suggest that fork-associated Cul4-Ddb1 E3s, together with PCNA, coordinate chromatin reassembly and cohesion establishment on the newly replicated sister chromatids, which are crucial for maintaining genome and chromosome stability.

Visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) hyperspectral imaging was employed to determine the spatial distribution of total nitrogen in pepper plant. Hyperspectral images of samples (leaves, stems, and roots of pepper plants) were acquired and their total nitrogen contents (TNCs) were measured using Dumas combustion method. Mean spectra of all samples were extracted from regions of interest (ROIs) in hyperspectral images. Random frog (RF) algorithm was implemented to select important wavelengths which carried effective information for predicting the TNCs in leaf, stem, root, and whole-plant (leaf-stem-root), respectively. Based on full spectra and the selected important wavelengths, the quantitative relationships between spectral data and the corresponding TNCs in organs (leaf, stem, and root) and whole-plant (leaf-stem-root) were separately developed using partial least-squares regression (PLSR). As a result, the PLSR model built by the important wavelengths for predicting TNCs in whole-plant (leaf-stem-root) offered a promising result of correlation coefficient (R) for prediction (RP = 0.876) and root mean square error (RMSE) for prediction (RMSEP = 0.426%). Finally, the TNC of each pixel within ROI of the sample was estimated to generate the spatial distribution map of TNC in pepper plant. The achievements of the research indicated that hyperspectral imaging is promising and presents a powerful potential to determine nitrogen contents spatial distribution in pepper plant.

Citation: Deng J, Li X, Jin J, et al. Distribution pattern of choroidal thickness at the posterior pole in Chinese children with myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59:1577-1586. https://doi.org/10.1167 PURPOSE. To determine the relationship between choroidal thickness (ChT) at the posterior pole and refractive error and to explore the difference between the macular and peripapillary regions in children with myopia. METHODS.A total of 340 healthy Chinese children underwent a series of comprehensive ocular examinations including cycloplegic refraction. Swept-source optical coherence tomography was used to measure the ChT in the macular and peripapillary regions. The Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid was applied to define the sectors.RESULTS. The mean spherical equivalent (SE) of the participants was À1.71 6 2.22 diopter (D; range from À7.63 to 4.25 D). The mean ChT in the central foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal regions were 229 6 65 lm, 227 6 60 lm, and 215 6 50 lm, respectively, and the mean global peripapillary choroidal thickness (PPCT) was 136 6 33 lm. The choroid in the macular region and the global PPCT was thinner in myopes compared to hyperopes. The area between the central fovea and the optic disc underwent the largest change as myopia worsened. SE, uncorrected visual acuity, cornea curvature radius (CR), retinal thickness (RT), and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT, except for the central fovea) were the independent factors of ChT in the macular region. SE, CR, RT, and RNFLT were the independent factors of PPCT temporally, inferiorly, and globally, while only CR, RT, and RNFLT were independently associated with PPCT superiorly and nasally.CONCLUSIONS. Choroidal thinning might be uneven during the development of myopia. SE only influenced the macular area and sectors temporal and inferior to the optic disc.

BackgroundInformation on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with genital warts (GW) in populations in mainland China is still limited. The aim of the study was to use a generic instrument to measure the impact of genital warts on HRQoL in men and women in this setting.MethodsA multi-centre hospital-based cross-sectional study across 18 centers in China was conducted to interview patients using the European quality of life-5 dimension (EQ-5D) instrument; respondents' demographic and clinical data were also collected.ResultsA total of 1,358 GW patients (612 men, 746 women) were included in the analysis, with a mean age of 32.0 ± 10.6 years. 56.4% of the patients reported some problems in the dimension of Anxiety/Depression (highest), followed by Pain/Discomfort (24.7%) and Mobility (3.5%). The overall visual analogue scale (VAS) score of the study population was found to be 65.2 ± 22.0, and the EQ-5D index score was found to be 0.843 ± 0.129 using Japanese preference weights (the Chinese preference was unavailable yet). Patients with lower VAS means and EQ-5D index scores were more often female, living in urban area, and suffering multiple GW (all p values < 0.05), but the values did not differ notably by age (p values > 0.05).ConclusionsThe HRQoL of patients with GW was substantially lower, compared to a national representative general population in China (VAS = ~80); the findings of different subgroups are informative for future GW prevention and control efforts.

The public can directly or indirectly participate in the PPP (public-private partnership) projects and then has an impact on the project profit and public or private behavior. To explore the influence of the public participation of the PPP projects supervision behavior, this paper analyzes the mutual evolutionary regularity of the private sector and government supervision department and the influence of public participation level on public and private behavior based on evolutionary game theory. The results show that the supervision strategy is not chosen when the supervision cost of government supervision department is greater than the supervision benefit; it can make private sector consciously provide the high-quality public products/services with the improvement of public participation level. Therefore, the government should reduce the cost of public participation and improve the public participation level and influence through the application of the Internet, big data, and other advanced technologies, in order to restrain the behavior of the private sector and improve the supervision efficiency.