Recently, a new spin-1/2 fermionic quantum field with mass dimension one in four dimensions-Elko field λ was introduced as a candidate of dark matter. In this paper, we investigate the localization of 5D Elko spinors on Minkowski branes by presenting the equation of the Elko KK modes. For the 5D free massless Elko field, the zero mode can be localized on Randall-Sundrum thin brane but can not be localized on the majority of thick branes. There do not exist bound massive KK modes on all these branes. If the 5D mass term is introduced, there will exist bound Elko zero mode in Randall-Sundrum brane model. And when we introduce the Yukawa type coupling ηφ 2 ¬ λ λ with φ the background scalar field, the Elko zero mode can be localized on some special thick branes with a particular coupling constant η. Nevertheless, the massive KK modes still can not be localized on these branes. These results are very different from that of the conventional Dirac spinor field and the scalar field.

Abstract. In this paper, the shadow casted by the rotating black hole inspired by noncommutative geometry is investigated. In addition to the dimensionless spin parameter a/M 0 with M 0 black hole mass and inclination angle i, the dimensionless noncommutative parameter √ ϑ/M 0 is also found to affect the shape of the black hole shadow. The result shows that the size of the shadow slightly decreases with the parameter √ ϑ/M 0 , while the distortion increases with it. Compared to the Kerr black hole, the parameter √ ϑ/M 0 increases the deformation of the shadow. This may offer a way to distinguish noncommutative geometry inspired black hole from Kerr one via astronomical instruments in the near future.

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Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) is an optical spectroscopic imaging technique capable of real‐time assessments of tissue properties in clinical settings. Label‐free FLIm is sensitive to changes in tissue structure and biochemistry resulting from pathological conditions, thus providing optical contrast to identify and monitor the progression of disease. Technical and methodological advances over the last two decades have enabled the development of FLIm instrumentation for real‐time, in situ, mesoscopic imaging compatible with standard clinical workflows. Herein, we review the fundamental working principles of mesoscopic FLIm, discuss the technical characteristics of current clinical FLIm instrumentation, highlight the most commonly used analytical methods to interpret fluorescence lifetime data and discuss the recent applications of FLIm in surgical oncology and cardiovascular diagnostics. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on the future directions of clinical FLIm.